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It is well known that for any finite state Markov decision process (MDP) there is a memoryless deterministic policy that maximizes the expected reward. For partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), optimal memoryless policies…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-02-16 Guido Montufar , Keyan Ghazi-Zahedi , Nihat Ay

We consider the problem of finding the best memoryless stochastic policy for an infinite-horizon partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) with finite state and action spaces with respect to either the discounted or mean reward…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-02 Johannes Müller , Guido Montúfar

Planning plays an important role in the broad class of decision theory. Planning has drawn much attention in recent work in the robotics and sequential decision making areas. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL), as an agent-environment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-18 Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Alessandro Lazaric , Animashree Anandkumar

In many practical applications, decision-making processes must balance the costs of acquiring information with the benefits it provides. Traditional control systems often assume full observability, an unrealistic assumption when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Taiyi Wang , Jianheng Liu , Bryan Lee , Zhihao Wu , Yu Wu

We study model-based learning of finite-window policies in tabular partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). A common approach to learning under partial observability is to approximate unbounded history dependencies using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Philip Jordan , Maryam Kamgarpour

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are a natural and general model in reinforcement learning that take into account the agent's uncertainty about its current state. In the literature on POMDPs, it is customary to assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Noah Golowich , Ankur Moitra , Dhruv Rohatgi

This paper studies maintenance optimization for a two-component system under mixed observability. Component~$U_1$ is fully monitored, whereas component~$U_2$ is only partially observable due to sensing limitations. The system exhibits…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Nan Zhang , Inmaculada T. Castro , M. L. Gamiz

Partially-Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are typically solved by finding an approximate global solution to a corresponding belief-MDP. In this paper, we offer a new planning algorithm for POMDPs with continuous state, action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-03-19 Tom Erez , William D. Smart

Optimal decision-making under partial observability requires agents to balance reducing uncertainty (exploration) against pursuing immediate objectives (exploitation). In this paper, we introduce a novel policy optimization framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Hany Abdulsamad , Sahel Iqbal , Simo Särkkä

Autonomous agents often operate in scenarios where the state is partially observed. In addition to maximizing their cumulative reward, agents must execute complex tasks with rich temporal and logical structures. These tasks can be expressed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-18 Krishna C. Kalagarla , Dhruva Kartik , Dongming Shen , Rahul Jain , Ashutosh Nayyar , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide a flexible representation for real-world decision and control problems. However, POMDPs are notoriously difficult to solve, especially when the state and observation spaces are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Michael H. Lim , Tyler J. Becker , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Claire J. Tomlin , Zachary N. Sunberg

We investigate partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs) with cost functions regularized by entropy terms describing state, observation, and control uncertainty. Standard POMDP techniques are shown to offer bounded-error…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-10 Timothy L. Molloy , Girish N. Nair

Robots often face challenges in domestic environments where visual feedback is ineffective, such as retrieving objects obstructed by occlusions or finding a light switch in the dark. In these cases, utilizing contacts to localize the target…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Muhammad Suhail Saleem , Rishi Veerapaneni , Maxim Likhachev

Memory-Bounded Dynamic Programming (MBDP) has proved extremely effective in solving decentralized POMDPs with large horizons. We generalize the algorithm and improve its scalability by reducing the complexity with respect to the number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-26 Sven Seuken , Shlomo Zilberstein

In this review/tutorial article, we present recent progress on optimal control of partially observed Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs). We first present regularity and continuity conditions for POMDPs and their belief-MDP reductions, where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Ali Devran Kara , Serdar Yuksel

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide a modeling framework for autonomous decision making under uncertainty and imperfect sensing, e.g. robot manipulation and self-driving cars. However, optimal control of POMDPs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Mohamadreza Ahmadi , Rangoli Sharan , Joel W. Burdick

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) is a rich mathematical framework that embraces a large class of complex sequential decision-making problems under uncertainty with limited observations. However, the complexity of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-29 Mingyu Park , Jaeuk Shin , Insoon Yang

We consider finite model approximations of discrete-time partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs) under the discounted cost criterion. After converting the original partially observed stochastic control problem to a fully…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-20 Naci Saldi , Serdar Yüksel , Tamás Linder

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDP) are a useful model for decision-making under partial observability and stochastic actions. Partially Observable Monte-Carlo Planning is an online algorithm for deciding on the next…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Oded Blumenthal , Guy Shani

Constrained partially observable Markov decision processes (CPOMDPs) have been used to model various real-world phenomena. However, they are notoriously difficult to solve to optimality, and there exist only a few approximation methods for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Robert K. Helmeczi , Can Kavaklioglu , Mucahit Cevik