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Recent studies demonstrate that Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to different prompt-based attacks, generating harmful content or sensitive information. Both closed-source and open-source LLMs are underinvestigated for these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jiawen Wang , Pritha Gupta , Ivan Habernal , Eyke Hüllermeier

Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs) have been increasingly used by developers to boost productivity, but they often generate vulnerable code. Thus, there is an urgent need to ensure that code generated by Code LLMs is correct and secure.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yanjun Fu , Ethan Baker , Yu Ding , Yizheng Chen

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) as coding agents promises to accelerate software development, but their impact on generated code reproducibility remains largely unexplored. This paper presents an empirical study investigating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Bhanu Prakash Vangala , Ali Adibifar , Ashish Gehani , Tanu Malik

The past year has seen rapid acceleration in the development of large language models (LLMs). However, without proper steering and safeguards, LLMs will readily follow malicious instructions, provide unsafe advice, and generate toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Bertie Vidgen , Nino Scherrer , Hannah Rose Kirk , Rebecca Qian , Anand Kannappan , Scott A. Hale , Paul Röttger

Large language models (LLMs) for automatic code generation have achieved breakthroughs in several programming tasks. Their advances in competition-level programming problems have made them an essential pillar of AI-assisted pair…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Hossein Hajipour , Keno Hassler , Thorsten Holz , Lea Schönherr , Mario Fritz

While code review is central to the software development process, it can be tedious and expensive to carry out. In this paper, we investigate whether and how Large Language Models (LLMs) can aid with code reviews. Our investigation focuses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Rasmus Ingemann Tuffveson Jensen , Vali Tawosi , Salwa Alamir

The growing integration of AI tools in software development, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, has revolutionized how developers approach coding tasks. However, achieving high-quality code often requires iterative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sophia DiCuffa , Amanda Zambrana , Priyanshi Yadav , Sashidhar Madiraju , Khushi Suman , Eman Abdullah AlOmar

As the pre-trained language models (PLMs) continue to grow, so do the hardware and data requirements for fine-tuning PLMs. Therefore, the researchers have come up with a lighter method called \textit{Prompt Learning}. However, during the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Yundi Shi , Piji Li , Changchun Yin , Zhaoyang Han , Lu Zhou , Zhe Liu

Construction remains one of the most hazardous sectors. Recent advancements in AI, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), offer promising opportunities for enhancing workplace safety. However, responsible integration of LLMs requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Farouq Sammour , Jia Xu , Xi Wang , Mo Hu , Zhenyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in generating code, especially when used inside an evolutionary computation framework to iteratively optimize the generated algorithms. However, in some cases they fail to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova , Lars Kotthoff , Thomas Bäck

Test cases are essential for validating the reliability and quality of software applications. Recent studies have demonstrated the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate useful test cases for given source code. However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Shuzheng Gao , Chaozheng Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Xiaoqian Jiao , Chun Yong Chong , Shan Gao , Michael Lyu

With the widespread adoption of Foundation Model (FM)-powered tools in software engineering, the natural language prompt has become a critical interface between developers and Large Language Models (LLMs). While much research has focused on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ruksit Rojpaisarnkit , Youmei Fan , Kenichi Matsumoto , Raula Gaikovina Kula

Due to insufficient domain knowledge, LLM coding assistants often reference related solutions from the Internet to address programming problems. However, incorporating external information into LLMs' code generation process introduces new…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Binqi Zeng , Quan Zhang , Chijin Zhou , Gwihwan Go , Yu Jiang , Heyuan Shi

There is burgeoning interest in designing AI-based systems to assist humans in designing computing systems, including tools that automatically generate computer code. The most notable of these comes in the form of the first self-described…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Hammond Pearce , Baleegh Ahmad , Benjamin Tan , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Ramesh Karri

Large Language Models (LLMs) for code have gained significant attention recently. They can generate code in different programming languages based on provided prompts, fulfilling a long-lasting dream in Software Engineering (SE), i.e.,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Florian Tambon , Arghavan Moradi Dakhel , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh , Michel C. Desmarais , Giuliano Antoniol

LLM-powered applications routinely embed secrets in system prompts, yet models can be tricked into revealing them. We built an adaptive attacker that evolves its strategies over hundreds of rounds and tested it against nine defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Priyal Deep , Shane Emmons , Amy Fox , Kyle Bacon , Kelley McAllister , Peter Ortiz , Krisztian Flautner

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in code generation, and the race to improve their performance has become a central focus of AI research. Benchmarks and leaderboards are increasingly popular, offering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Amir Molzam Sharifloo , Maedeh Heydari , Parsa Kazerooni , Daniel Maninger , Mira Mezini

Large language models (LLMs) have brought significant advancements to code generation, benefiting both novice and experienced developers. However, their training using unsanitized data from open-source repositories, like GitHub, introduces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Jiexin Wang , Liuwen Cao , Xitong Luo , Zhiping Zhou , Jiayuan Xie , Adam Jatowt , Yi Cai

Code translation is crucial for cross-language codebase migration, and large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising technique to automate this process. However, the security implications of using LLMs for code translation remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hailong Chang , Guozhu Meng , Shuhui Xiao , Kai Chen , Kun Sun , Yilin Li

Security threats like prompt injection attacks pose significant risks to applications that integrate Large Language Models (LLMs), potentially leading to unauthorized actions such as API misuse. Unlike previous approaches that aim to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Shih-Han Chan