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Efficient parallelization of Large Language Models (LLMs) with long sequences is essential but challenging due to their significant computational and memory demands, particularly stemming from communication bottlenecks in attention…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zongwu Wang , Fangxin Liu , Mingshuai Li , Li Jiang

Recent advances in efficient Transformers have exploited either the sparsity or low-rank properties of attention matrices to reduce the computational and memory bottlenecks of modeling long sequences. However, it is still challenging to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Beidi Chen , Tri Dao , Eric Winsor , Zhao Song , Atri Rudra , Christopher Ré

Transformer achieves promising results on various tasks. However, self-attention suffers from quadratic memory requirements with respect to the sequence length. Existing work focuses on reducing time and space complexity from an algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Shenggui Li , Fuzhao Xue , Chaitanya Baranwal , Yongbin Li , Yang You

Transformer-based large language models (e.g., BERT and GPT) achieve great success, and fine-tuning, which tunes a pre-trained model on a task-specific dataset, is the standard practice to utilize these models for downstream tasks. However,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yuntao Gui , Xiao Yan , Peiqi Yin , Han Yang , James Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) face a significant bottleneck during autoregressive inference due to the massive memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache. Existing compression techniques like token eviction, quantization, or other low-rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Santhosh G S , Saurav Prakash , Balaraman Ravindran

Transformers' quadratic complexity with respect to the input sequence length has motivated a body of work on efficient sparse approximations to softmax. An alternative path, used by entmax transformers, consists of having built-in exact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Marcos Treviso , António Góis , Patrick Fernandes , Erick Fonseca , André F. T. Martins

Long-context inference enhances the reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), but incurs significant computational overhead. Token-oriented methods, such as pruning and skipping, have shown great promise in reducing inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zimeng Wu , Donghao Wang , Chaozhe Jin , Jiaxin Chen , Yunhong Wang

Long contexts improve capabilities of large language models but pose serious hardware challenges: compute and memory footprints grow linearly with sequence length. Particularly, the decoding phase continuously accesses massive KV cache,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Wang Fan , Wei Cao , Xi Zha , Kedi Ma , MingQian Sun , Jialin Chen , Fengzhe Zhang , Fan Zhang

Attention mechanism has been crucial for image diffusion models, however, their quadratic computational complexity limits the sizes of images we can process within reasonable time and memory constraints. This paper investigates the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Ethan Smith , Nayan Saxena , Aninda Saha

We demonstrate that unstructured sparsity significantly improves KV cache compression for LLMs, enabling sparsity levels up to 70% without compromising accuracy or requiring fine-tuning. We conduct a systematic exploration of pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Donghyeon Joo , Helya Hosseini , Ramyad Hadidi , Bahar Asgari

In vision-language models (VLMs), visual tokens usually bear a significant amount of computational overhead despite sparsity of information in them when compared to text tokens. To address this, most existing methods learn a network to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yuan Zhang , Chun-Kai Fan , Junpeng Ma , Wenzhao Zheng , Tao Huang , Kuan Cheng , Denis Gudovskiy , Tomoyuki Okuno , Yohei Nakata , Kurt Keutzer , Shanghang Zhang

The quadratic cost of attention limits the scalability of long-context LLMs, especially under limited hardware memory budgets. While attention is often sparse, existing static sparse methods cannot adapt to task- or input-dependent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Siheng Xiong , Joe Zou , Faramarz Fekri , Yae Jee Cho

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on end-user devices is gaining importance due to benefits in responsiveness, privacy, and operational cost. Yet the limited memory and compute capability of mobile and desktop GPUs make efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Rongxiang Wang , Kangyuan Shu , Felix Xiaozhu Lin

Autoregressive conditional image generation models have emerged as a dominant paradigm in text-to-image synthesis. These methods typically convert images into one-dimensional token sequences and leverage the self-attention mechanism, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xunzhi Xiang , Qi Fan

Visual AutoRegressive (VAR) modeling has garnered significant attention for its innovative next-scale prediction paradigm. However, mainstream VAR paradigms attend to all tokens across historical scales at each autoregressive step. As the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zekun Li , Ning Wang , Tongxin Bai , Changwang Mei , Peisong Wang , Shuang Qiu , Jian Cheng

Despite impressive performance, deep neural networks require significant memory and computation costs, prohibiting their application in resource-constrained scenarios. Sparse training is one of the most common techniques to reduce these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Bowen Lei , Dongkuan Xu , Ruqi Zhang , Shuren He , Bani K. Mallick

Neoteric works have shown that modern deep learning models can exhibit a sparse double descent phenomenon. Indeed, as the sparsity of the model increases, the test performance first worsens since the model is overfitting the training data;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Victor Quétu , Enzo Tartaglione

This study introduces bifurcated attention, a method designed to enhance language model inference in shared-context batch decoding scenarios. Our approach addresses the challenge of redundant memory IO costs, a critical factor contributing…

The integration of long-context capabilities with visual understanding unlocks unprecedented potential for Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, the quadratic attention complexity during the pre-filling phase remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yucheng Li , Huiqiang Jiang , Chengruidong Zhang , Qianhui Wu , Xufang Luo , Surin Ahn , Amir H. Abdi , Dongsheng Li , Jianfeng Gao , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) may produce outputs that are unfaithful to reality, also known as visual hallucinations (VH), which significantly impedes their real-world usage. To alleviate VH, various decoding strategies have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Xianwei Zhuang , Zhihong Zhu , Yuxin Xie , Liming Liang , Yuexian Zou