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Steganography is the process of hiding secret information by embedding it in an "innocent" message. We present protocols for hiding quantum information in a codeword of a quantum error-correcting code passing through a channel. Using either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Bilal A. Shaw , Todd A. Brun

Quantum key distribution (QKD) stands as the most successful application of quantum information science, providing information-theoretic security for key exchange. While it has evolved from proof-of-concept experiments to commercial…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure key generation method between two distant parties by wisely exploiting properties of quantum mechanics. In QKD, experimental measurement outcomes on quantum states are transformed by the two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-01 Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Xiongfeng Ma , H. F. Chau

Generalizing the notion of dynamic quantum secret sharing (DQSS), a simplified protocol for hierarchical dynamic quantum secret sharing (HDQSS) is proposed and it is shown that the protocol can be implemented using any existing protocol of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-10 Sandeep Mishra , Chitra Shukla , Anirban Pathak , R. Srikanth , Anu Venugopalan

Quantum Key Exchange (QKE, also known as Quantum Key Distribution or QKD) allows communicating parties to securely establish cryptographic keys. It is a well-established fact that all QKE protocols require that the parties have access to an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-11 Kenneth G. Paterson , Fred Piper , Ruediger Schack

Existing security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) suffer from two fundamental weaknesses. First, memory attacks have emerged as an important threat to the security of even device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Marcos Curty , Hoi-Kwong Lo

This paper introduces a completely new approach to encryption based on group theoretic quantum framework. Quantum cryptography has essentially focused only on key distribution and proceeded with classical encryption algorithm with the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 N. Srinivasan , C. Sanjeevakumar , L. Sudarsan , M. Kasi Rajan , R. Venkatesh

In this paper we explore how recent technologies can improve the security of optical networks. In particular, we study how to use quantum key distribution (QKD) in common optical network infrastructures and propose a method to overcome its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-16 David Elkouss , Jesus Martinez-Mateo , Alex Ciurana , Vicente Martin

The security of the previous quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, which is guaranteed by the nature of physics law, is based on the legitimate users. However, impersonation of the legitimate communicators by eavesdroppers, in practice,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guihua Zeng , Xinmei Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) using entangled photon sources (EPS) is a cornerstone of secure communication. Despite rapid advances in QKD, conventional protocols still employ beam splitters (BSs) for passive random basis selection.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Ayan Kumar Nai , Gopal Prasad Sahu , Rutuj Gharate , C. M. Chandrashekar , G. K. Samanta

Quantum key distribution (QKD) gradually has become a crucial element of practical secure communication. In different scenarios, the security analysis of genuine QKD systems is complicated. A universal secret key rate calculation method,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-13 Zehong Chang , Fumin Wang , Xiaoli Wang , Xiaofei Liu , Rongqian Wu , Yi lv , Pei Zhang

Cloud computing has made storing and accessing data easier but keeping it secure is a big challenge nowadays. Traditional methods of ensuring data may not be strong enough in the future when powerful quantum computers become available. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 S. Vasavi Venkata Lakshmi , Ziaul Haque Choudhury

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are proven secure based on fundamental physical laws, however, the proofs consider a well-defined setting and encoding of the sent quantum signals only. Side channels, where the encoded quantum state…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is rapidly transitioning from cutting-edge laboratory research to real-world deployment in established communication networks. Although QKD promises future-proof security, practical challenges stil exist due…

Quantum computing is a significant risk to classical cryptographic, especially RSA, which depends on the difficulty of factoring large numbers. Classical factorization methods, such as Trial Division and Pollard's Rho, are inefficient for…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Md. Ismiel Hossen Abir

We propose a protocol to perform long-range distribution of near-maximally entangled multiphoton states, allowing versatile applications such as quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum metrology which can provide alternatives to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-12 Monika E. Mycroft , Thomas McDermott , Adam Buraczewski , Magdalena Stobińska

An application of quantum communications is the transmission of qubits to create shared symmetric encryption keys in a process called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Contrary to public-private key encryption, symmetric encryption is safe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-25 Tom Vergoossen , Robert Bedington , James A Grieve , Alexander Ling

The field of quantum information processing offers secure communication protected by the laws of quantum mechanics and is on the verge of finding wider application for information transfer of sensitive data. To overcome the obstacle of…

Quantum cryptography -- the application of quantum computing techniques to cryptography has been extensively investigated. Two major directions of quantum cryptography are quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum encryption, with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-11 Zixuan Hu , Sabre Kais

In recent years, steganography has emerged as one of the main research areas in information security. Least significant bit (LSB) steganography is one of the fundamental and conventional spatial domain methods, which is capable of hiding…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-10-15 Aya H. S. Abdelgader , Raneem A. Aboughalia , Osama A. S. Alkishriwo