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Quantum key distribution (QKD), the distribution of quantum secured keys useful for data encryption, is expected to have a crucial impact in the next decades. However, although the notable achievements accomplished in the last twenty years,…

The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-02 S. Etcheverry , G. Cañas , E. S. Gómez , W. A. T. Nogueira , C. Saavedra , G. B. Xavier , G. Lima

Shor's algorithm efficiently solves factoring and discrete logarithm problems using quantum computers, compromising all public key schemes used today. These schemes rely on assumptions on their computational complexity, which quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Jaime S. Buruaga , Ruben B. Méndez , Juan P. Brito , Vicente Martin

Quantum computing provides a feasible multi-layered security challenge to classical blockchain networks. Quantum blockchains that rely on quantum key distribution (QKD) to establish secure channels can address this feasible threat. Whereas,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Xuan Li , Yun Mao , Ying Guo

This paper presents a novel hybrid Quantum Key Distribution ,QKD, protocol that combines entanglement based and non entanglement based approaches to optimize security and the number of generated keys. We introduce a dynamic system that…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) refers to specific quantum strategies which permit the secure distribution of a secret key between two parties that wish to communicate secretly. Quantum cryptography has proven unconditionally secure in ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-14 C. Rodó , O. Romero-Isart , K. Eckert , A. Sanpera

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information theoretically secures key exchange requiring authentication of the classic data processing channel via pre-sharing of symmetric private keys. In previous studies, the lattice-based…

We present two new schemes for quantum key distribution (QKD) that neither require entanglement nor an ideal single-photon source, making them implementable with commercially available single-photon sources. These protocols are shown to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Arindam Dutta , Anirban Pathak

Data security is required when communications over untrusted networks takes place. Security tools such as cryptography and steganography are applied to achieve such objectives, but both have limitations and susceptible to attacks if they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Sherief H. Murad , Amr M. Gody , Tamer M. Barakat

Quantum key distribution (QKD) exploits the quantum nature of light to share provably secure keys, allowing secure communication in the presence of an eavesdropper. The first QKD schemes used photons encoded in two states, such as…

Presently, classical optical communication systems employing strong laser pulses and quantum key distribution (QKD) systems working at single-photon levels are very different communication modalities. Dedicated devices are commonly required…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-01 Bing Qi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows Alice and Bob to share a secret key over an insecure channel with proven information-theoretic security against an adversary whose strategy is bounded only by the laws of physics. Composability-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Kunal Dey , Reihaneh Safavi-Naini

Since the security of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms is based on the hardness of mathematical problems, while the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the fundamental principles of quantum physics, each approach…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Abel C. H. Chen

This study introduces a hybrid cryptographic framework for quantum communication that integrates entanglement-assisted decryption with phase-based physical obfuscation. While conventional quantum protocols often rely on explicit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Asgar Hosseinnezhad , Hadi Sabri

Quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD), is one of the advanced areas in the field of quantum technologies. The confidentiality of keys distributed with the use of QKD protocols is guaranteed by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-30 A. S. Trushechkin , E. O. Kiktenko , D. A. Kronberg , A. K. Fedorov

Image security for information has become increasingly critical as internet become more prevalent due to hacking and unauthorized access. To ensure the security of confidential image data, image encryption using visual cryptography plays a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Dipak K. Rabari , Yogesh K. Meghrajani , Laxmi S. Desai

Steganography and Cryptography are two popular ways of sending vital information in a secret way. One hides the existence of the message and the other distorts the message itself. There are many cryptography techniques available; among them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-09-16 Dipti Kapoor Sarmah , Neha Bajpai

Key establishment is a crucial primitive for building secure channels: in a multi-party setting, it allows two parties using only public authenticated communication to establish a secret session key which can be used to encrypt messages.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-28 Michele Mosca , Douglas Stebila , Berkant Ustaoglu

Agile cryptography allows for a resource-efficient swap of a cryptographic core in case the security of an underlying classical cryptographic algorithm becomes compromised. Conversely, versatile cryptography allows the user to switch the…

To address growing cybersecurity challenges in modern power dispatch systems, this paper proposes a multi-layer modeling and optimization framework for SCADA systems enhanced with quantum key distribution (QKD). While most existing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Ziqing Zhu