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Classical cellular automata represent a class of explicit discrete spacetime lattice models in which complex large-scale phenomena emerge from simple deterministic rules. With the goal to uncover different physically distinct classes of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-27 Rustem Sharipov , Matija Koterle , Sašo Grozdanov , Tomaž Prosen

Cellular automata (CA) are dynamical systems on symbolic configurations on the lattice. They are also used as models of massively parallel computers. As dynamical systems, one would like to understand the effect of small random…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-16 Irène Marcovici , Mathieu Sablik , Siamak Taati

There exists algorithms to detect reversibility of cellular automaton (CA) for both finite and infinite lattices taking quadratic time. But, can we identify a $d$-state CA rule in constant time that is always reversible for every lattice…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Baby C. J. , Kamalika Bhattacharjee

We define a class of dynamical maps on the quasi-local algebra of a quantum spin system, which are quantum analogues of probabilistic cellular automata. We develop criteria for such a system to be ergodic, i.e., to possess a unique…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 S. Richter , R. F. Werner

The positive rates conjecture states that a one-dimensional probabilistic cellular automaton (PCA) with strictly positive transition rates must be ergodic. The conjecture has been refuted by G\'acs, whose counterexample is a cellular…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2025-07-08 Hugo Marsan , Mathieu Sablik , Ilkka Törmä

The property of reversibility is quite meaningful for the classic theoretical computer science model, cellular automata. For the reversibility problem for a CA under null boundary conditions, while linear rules have been studied a lot, the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ma Junchi , Chen Weilin , Wang Chen , Lin Defu , Wang Chao

Ergodicity of probabilistic cellular automata is a very important issue in the PCA theory. In particular, the question about the ergodicity of all PCA with two-size neighbourhood, two letters alphabet and positive rates is still open. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Jérôme Casse

In this paper, we prove that there is a strongly universal cellular automaton in the dodecagrid, the tessellation {5,3,4} of the hyperbolic 3D-space, with five states which is rotation invariant. This improves a previous paper of the author…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Maurice Margenstern

A probabilistic cellular automaton (PCA) can be viewed as a Markov chain. The cells are updated synchronously and independently, according to a distribution depending on a finite neighborhood. We investigate the ergodicity of this Markov…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Ana Busic , Jean Mairesse , Irene Marcovici

One-dimensional cellular automata are discrete dynamical systems that operate on an infinite lattice of sites and are characterized by the locality and uniformity of their update rule. Permutations of the state set and isometric…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2025-12-10 Martin Schaller , Karl Svozil

In this paper, following the way opened by a previous paper deposited on arXiv, we give an upper bound to the number of states for a hyperbolic cellular automaton in the pentagrid. Indeed, we prove that there is a hyperbolic cellular…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-06-18 Maurice Margenstern

Reversibility of a one-dimensional finite cellular automaton (CA) is dependent on lattice size. A finite CA can be reversible for a set of lattice sizes. On the other hand, reversibility of an infinite CA, which is decided by exploring the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Kamalika Bhattacharjee , Sukanta Das

This investigation studies the ergodic properties of reversible linear cellular automata over $\mathbb{Z}_m$ for $m \in \mathbb{N}$. We show that a reversible linear cellular automaton is either a Bernoulli automorphism or non-ergodic. This…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-03-08 Chih-Hung Chang , Huilan Chang

In this dissertation, we study two of the global properties of 1-dimensional cellular automata (CAs) under periodic boundary condition, namely, reversibility and randomness. To address reversibility of finite CAs, we develop a mathematical…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Kamalika Bhattacharjee

In this paper, we prove that there is an outer totalistic weakly universal cellular automaton in the dodecagrid, the tessellation {5,3,4} of the hyperbolic 3D space, with four states. It is the first result in such a context.

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Maurice Margenstern

While the reversibility of multidimensional cellular automata is undecidable and there exists a criterion for determining if a multidimensional linear cellular automaton is reversible, there are only a few results about the reversibility…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Chih-Hung Chang , Hasan Akın

Rule 22 elementary cellular automaton (ECA) has a 3--cell neighborhood, binary cell states, where a cell takes state `1' if there is exactly one neighbor, including the cell itself, in state `1'. In Boolean terms the cell-state transition…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2020-05-05 Genaro J. Martinez , Andrew Adamatzky , Rolf Hoffmann , Dominique Deserable , Ivan Zelinka

We show that a behaviour analogous to degenerate hyperbolicity can occur in nearest-neighbour cellular automata (CA) with three states. We construct a 3-state rule by "lifting" elementary CA rule 140. Such "lifted" rule is equivalent to…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2015-06-23 Henryk Fukś , Joel Midgley-Volpato

Cellular automata (CA) provide a minimal formalism for investigating how simple local interactions generate rich spatiotemporal behavior in domains as diverse as traffic flow, ecology, tissue morphogenesis and crystal growth. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jaime A. Berkovich , Noah S. David , Markus J. Buehler

Cellular automata (CA) have been utilized for decades as discrete models of many physical, mathematical, chemical, biological, and computing systems. The most widely known form of CA, the elementary cellular automaton (ECA), has been…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2013-10-15 Lucas Kang
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