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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on massive data may memorize sensitive personal information and photos, posing serious privacy risks. To mitigate this, MLLM unlearning methods are proposed, which fine-tune MLLMs to reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xianren Zhang , Hui Liu , Delvin Ce Zhang , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Dongwon Lee , Suhang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) serve as giant information stores, often including personal or copyrighted data, and retraining them from scratch is not a viable option. This has led to the development of various fast, approximate unlearning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Minseok Choi , ChaeHun Park , Dohyun Lee , Jaegul Choo

Mitigating sensitive and harmful outputs is fundamental to ensuring safe deployment of LLMs. Existing approaches typically follow two paradigms: Knowledge Deletion (KD), which erases undesirable information during training, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Puning Yang , Junchi Yu , Qizhou Wang , Philip Torr , Bo Han , Xiuying Chen

The need for effective unlearning mechanisms in large language models (LLMs) is increasingly urgent, driven by the necessity to adhere to data regulations and foster ethical generative AI practices. Despite growing interest of LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jinghan Jia , Jiancheng Liu , Yihua Zhang , Parikshit Ram , Nathalie Baracaldo , Sijia Liu

Machine unlearning aims to remove specific knowledge (e.g., copyrighted or private data) from a trained model without full retraining. In practice, models are often quantized (e.g., 4-bit) for deployment, but we find that quantization can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Himanshu Mishra , Kanwal Mehreen

Machine unlearning aims to remove specific data influences from trained models, a capability essential for adhering to copyright laws and ensuring AI safety. Current unlearning metrics typically measure success by monitoring the model's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Hengrui Jia , Taoran Li , Jonas Guan , Varun Chandrasekaran

Unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) aims to enhance safety, mitigate biases, and comply with legal mandates, such as the right to be forgotten. However, existing unlearning methods are brittle: minor query modifications, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Raj Sanjay Shah , Jing Huang , Keerthiram Murugesan , Nathalie Baracaldo , Diyi Yang

Machine unlearning aims to remove sensitive or undesired data from large language models. However, recent studies suggest that unlearning is often shallow, claiming that removed knowledge can easily be recovered. In this work, we critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhili Feng , Yixuan Even Xu , Alexander Robey , Robert Kirk , Xander Davies , Yarin Gal , Avi Schwarzschild , J. Zico Kolter

During pretraining, LLMs inadvertently memorize sensitive or copyrighted data, posing significant compliance challenges under legal frameworks like the GDPR and the EU AI Act. Fulfilling these mandates demands techniques that can remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Efstratios Zaradoukas , Bardh Prenkaj , Gjergji Kasneci

Large language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable skills across various domains. Understanding the mechanisms behind their abilities and implementing controls over them is becoming increasingly important for developing better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yongce Li , Chung-En Sun , Tsui-Wei Weng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating additional information from retrieval. However, studies have shown that LLMs still face challenges in effectively using the retrieved information,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Shicheng Xu , Liang Pang , Mo Yu , Fandong Meng , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng , Jie Zhou

Machine unlearning for large language models often faces a privacy dilemma in which strict constraints prohibit sharing either the server's parameters or the client's forget set. To address this dual non-disclosure constraint, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tiantong Wang , Xinyu Yan , Tiantong Wu , Yurong Hao , Pengjun Xie , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Machine unlearning aims to erase requested data from trained models without full retraining. For Reasoning Multimodal Large Language Models (RMLLMs), this is uniquely challenging: intermediate chain-of-thought steps can still leak sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Hongji Li , Junchi yao , Manjiang Yu , Priyanka Singh , Xue Li , Di Wang , Lijie Hu

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in the real world, the ability to ``unlearn'', or remove specific pieces of knowledge post hoc, has become essential for a variety of reasons ranging from privacy regulations to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Ruihan Wu , Konstantin Garov , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) come with challenges related to memory and computational requirements due to the increasing size of the model weights and the optimizer states. Various techniques have been developed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yehonathan Refael , Jonathan Svirsky , Boris Shustin , Wasim Huleihel , Ofir Lindenbaum

The imperative to eliminate undesirable data memorization underscores the significance of machine unlearning for large language models (LLMs). Recent research has introduced a series of promising unlearning methods, notably boosting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Qizhou Wang , Bo Han , Puning Yang , Jianing Zhu , Tongliang Liu , Masashi Sugiyama

Modern recommender systems face a critical challenge in complying with privacy regulations like the 'right to be forgotten': removing a user's data without disrupting recommendations for others. Traditional unlearning methods address this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haichao Zhang , Chong Zhang , Peiyu Hu , Shi Qiu , Jia Wang

Large language models (LLMs) risk retaining sensitive, copyrighted, or harmful information from their training data. Entity-level unlearning addresses this issue by removing all knowledge of a specific entity while preserving the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Xiaoqi Han , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Ru Li , Xiaoli Li , Jiye Liang , Jeff Z. Pan

High-quality training data has proven crucial for developing performant large language models (LLMs). However, commercial LLM providers disclose few, if any, details about the data used for training. This lack of transparency creates…

Large language model (LLM) unlearning aims to surgically remove the influence of undesired data or knowledge from an existing model while preserving its utility on unrelated tasks. This paradigm has shown promise in addressing privacy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yicheng Lang , Yihua Zhang , Chongyu Fan , Changsheng Wang , Jinghan Jia , Sijia Liu
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