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Bilevel optimization enjoys a wide range of applications in emerging machine learning and signal processing problems such as hyper-parameter optimization, image reconstruction, meta-learning, adversarial training, and reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Han Shen , Quan Xiao , Tianyi Chen

Prompt tuning introduces learnable prompt vectors that adapt pretrained vision-language models to downstream tasks in a parameter-efficient manner. However, under limited supervision, prompt tuning alters pretrained representations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xi Yang , Yuanrong Xu , Weigang Zhang , Guangming Lu , David Zhang , Jie Wen

Image segmentation is usually addressed by training a model for a fixed set of object classes. Incorporating additional classes or more complex queries later is expensive as it requires re-training the model on a dataset that encompasses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Timo Lüddecke , Alexander S. Ecker

Today, the detection of AI-generated content is receiving more and more attention. Our idea is to go beyond detection and try to recover the prompt used to generate a text. This paper, to the best of our knowledge, introduces the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Louis Give , Timo Zaoral , Maria Antonietta Bruno

Fine-tuning pre-trained models is a popular approach in machine learning for solving complex tasks with moderate data. However, fine-tuning the entire pre-trained model is ineffective in federated data scenarios where local data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Pei-Yau Weng , Minh Hoang , Lam M. Nguyen , My T. Thai , Tsui-Wei Weng , Trong Nghia Hoang

We present an algorithm to directly solve numerous image restoration problems (e.g., image deblurring, image dehazing, image deraining, etc.). These problems are highly ill-posed, and the common assumptions for existing methods are usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Jinshan Pan , Jiangxin Dong , Yang Liu , Jiawei Zhang , Jimmy Ren , Jinhui Tang , Yu-Wing Tai , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Text-to-Image Diffusion models excel at generating images from text prompts but often exhibit suboptimal alignment with content semantics, aesthetics, and human preferences. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jianping Ye , Michel Wedel , Kunpeng Zhang

With the digital imagery landscape rapidly evolving, image stocks and AI-generated image marketplaces have become central to visual media. Traditional stock images now exist alongside innovative platforms that trade in prompts for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Ali Naseh , Katherine Thai , Mohit Iyyer , Amir Houmansadr

Unpaired Image Captioning (UIC) has been developed to learn image descriptions from unaligned vision-language sample pairs. Existing works usually tackle this task using adversarial learning and visual concept reward based on reinforcement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Peipei Zhu , Xiao Wang , Lin Zhu , Zhenglong Sun , Weishi Zheng , Yaowei Wang , Changwen Chen

Prompt tuning, a parameter- and data-efficient transfer learning paradigm that tunes only a small number of parameters in a model's input space, has become a trend in the vision community since the emergence of large vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yuhang Zang , Wei Li , Kaiyang Zhou , Chen Huang , Chen Change Loy

Deep neural networks have dramatically advanced the state of the art for many areas of machine learning. Recently they have been shown to have a remarkable ability to generate highly complex visual artifacts such as images and text rather…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-08 Andrey Zhmoginov , Mark Sandler

Prompt engineering is a challenging and important task due to the high sensitivity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to the given prompt and the inherent ambiguity of a textual task instruction. Automatic prompt engineering is essential to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Elad Levi , Eli Brosh , Matan Friedmann

The ability to predict the performance of a query before results are returned has been a longstanding challenge in Information Retrieval (IR) systems. Inspired by this task, we introduce, in this paper, a novel task called "Prompt…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Nicolas Bizzozzero , Ihab Bendidi , Olivier Risser-Maroix

When describing images with natural language, the descriptions can be made more informative if tuned using downstream tasks. This is often achieved by training two networks: a "speaker network" that generates sentences given an image, and a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Gilad Vered , Gal Oren , Yuval Atzmon , Gal Chechik

Though diffusion models have been successfully applied to various image restoration (IR) tasks, their performance is sensitive to the choice of training datasets. Typically, diffusion models trained in specific datasets fail to recover…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Ziwei Luo , Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Zheng Zhao , Jens Sjölund , Thomas B. Schön

Signal reconstruction is a challenging aspect of computational imaging as it often involves solving ill-posed inverse problems. Recently, deep feed-forward neural networks have led to state-of-the-art results in solving various inverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Akshat Dave , Anil Kumar Vadathya , Ramana Subramanyam , Rahul Baburajan , Kaushik Mitra

Text-driven diffusion models have significantly advanced the image editing performance by using text prompts as inputs. One crucial step in text-driven image editing is to invert the original image into a latent noise code conditioned on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Ruibin Li , Ruihuang Li , Song Guo , Lei Zhang

Recent lightweight retrieval-augmented image caption models often utilize retrieved data solely as text prompts, thereby creating a semantic gap by leaving the original visual features unenhanced, particularly for object details or complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Binbin Li , Guimiao Yang , Zisen Qi , Haiping Wang , Yu Ding

Recent advances in OpenAI's GPT-series multimodal generation models have shown remarkable capabilities in producing visually compelling images. In this work, we investigate its potential impact on the image restoration community. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Hao Yang , Yan Yang , Ruikun Zhang , Liyuan Pan

Recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models have achieved impressive image generation capabilities. However, it remains challenging to control the generation process with desired properties (e.g., aesthetic quality, user intention),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Taeyoung Yun , Dinghuai Zhang , Jinkyoo Park , Ling Pan