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Recent state-of-the-art open-domain QA models are typically based on a two stage retriever-reader approach in which the retriever first finds the relevant knowledge/passages and the reader then leverages that to predict the answer. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Neeraj Varshney , Man Luo , Chitta Baral

Current answer sentence selection (AS2) applied in open-domain question answering (ODQA) selects answers by ranking a large set of possible candidates, i.e., sentences, extracted from the retrieved text. In this paper, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Zeyu Zhang , Thuy Vu , Alessandro Moschitti

Recently, Transformer-based encoder-decoder models have demonstrated strong performance in multilingual speech recognition. However, the decoder's autoregressive nature and large size introduce significant bottlenecks during inference.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-28 Yunkyu Lim , Jihwan Park , Hyung Yong Kim , Hanbin Lee , Byeong-Yeol Kim

To extract answers from a large corpus, open-domain question answering (QA) systems usually rely on information retrieval (IR) techniques to narrow the search space. Standard inverted index methods such as TF-IDF are commonly used as thanks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Wenhan Xiong , Hong Wang , William Yang Wang

The retriever-reader framework is popular for open-domain question answering (ODQA) due to its ability to use explicit knowledge. Although prior work has sought to increase the knowledge coverage by incorporating structured knowledge beyond…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Kaixin Ma , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Eric Nyberg , Jianfeng Gao

Existing open-domain question answering (QA) models are not suitable for real-time usage because they need to process several long documents on-demand for every input query. In this paper, we introduce the query-agnostic indexable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Minjoon Seo , Jinhyuk Lee , Tom Kwiatkowski , Ankur P. Parikh , Ali Farhadi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Open-domain question answering (OpenQA) is an important branch of textual QA which discovers answers for the given questions based on a large number of unstructured documents. Effectively mining correct answers from the open-domain sources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Tingting Liang , Yixuan Jiang , Congying Xia , Ziqiang Zhao , Yuyu Yin , Philip S. Yu

Query-aware webpage snippet extraction is widely used in search engines to help users better understand the content of the returned webpages before clicking. Although important, it is very rarely studied. In this paper, we propose an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Jingwei Yi , Fangzhao Wu , Chuhan Wu , Xiaolong Huang , Binxing Jiao , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie

Long-context multiple-choice question answering tasks require robust reasoning over extensive text sources. Since most of the pre-trained transformer models are restricted to processing only a few hundred words at a time, successful…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Manish Singh , Manish Shrivastava

Most Outside-Knowledge Visual Question Answering (OK-VQA) systems employ a two-stage framework that first retrieves external knowledge given the visual question and then predicts the answer based on the retrieved content. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Jialin Wu , Raymond J. Mooney

Open-domain question answering (ODQA) has emerged as a pivotal research spotlight in information systems. Existing methods follow two main paradigms to collect evidence: (1) The \textit{retrieve-then-read} paradigm retrieves pertinent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Hongda Sun , Yuxuan Liu , Chengwei Wu , Haiyu Yan , Cheng Tai , Xin Gao , Shuo Shang , Rui Yan

In open-domain question answering, dense passage retrieval has become a new paradigm to retrieve relevant passages for finding answers. Typically, the dual-encoder architecture is adopted to learn dense representations of questions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Yingqi Qu , Yuchen Ding , Jing Liu , Kai Liu , Ruiyang Ren , Wayne Xin Zhao , Daxiang Dong , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

In an era of information overload, manually annotating the vast and growing corpus of documents and scholarly papers is increasingly impractical. Automated keyphrase extraction addresses this challenge by identifying representative terms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jeovane Honorio Alves , Radu State , Cinthia Obladen de Almendra Freitas , Jean Paul Barddal

Open-domain question answering can be reformulated as a phrase retrieval problem, without the need for processing documents on-demand during inference (Seo et al., 2019). However, current phrase retrieval models heavily depend on sparse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Jinhyuk Lee , Mujeen Sung , Jaewoo Kang , Danqi Chen

Fusion-in-Decoder (FiD) is a powerful retrieval-augmented language model that sets the state-of-the-art on many knowledge-intensive NLP tasks. However, the architecture used for FiD was chosen by making minimal modifications to a standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Michiel de Jong , Yury Zemlyanskiy , Joshua Ainslie , Nicholas FitzGerald , Sumit Sanghai , Fei Sha , William Cohen

An essential task of most Question Answering (QA) systems is to re-rank the set of answer candidates, i.e., Answer Sentence Selection (A2S). These candidates are typically sentences either extracted from one or more documents preserving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Daniele Bonadiman , Alessandro Moschitti

Code generation is a latency-sensitive task that demands high timeliness. However, with the growing interest and inherent difficulty in repository-level code generation, most existing code generation studies focus on improving the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Qianhui Zhao , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Xiaoli Lian , Qiaoyuanhe Meng , Ziqian Jiao , Zetong Zhou , Jia Li , Lin Shi

Dense retrievers for open-domain question answering (ODQA) have been shown to achieve impressive performance by training on large datasets of question-passage pairs. In this work we ask whether this dependence on labeled data can be reduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Ori Ram , Gal Shachaf , Omer Levy , Jonathan Berant , Amir Globerson

In the majority of the existing Visual Question Answering (VQA) research, the answers consist of short, often single words, as per instructions given to the annotators during dataset construction. This study envisions a VQA task for natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Kohei Uehara , Tatsuya Harada

Transformer-based models have made tremendous impacts in natural language generation. However the inference speed is a bottleneck due to large model size and intensive computing involved in auto-regressive decoding process. We develop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Yu Yan , Fei Hu , Jiusheng Chen , Nikhil Bhendawade , Ting Ye , Yeyun Gong , Nan Duan , Desheng Cui , Bingyu Chi , Ruofei Zhang