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We study effects of eccentricity fluctuations on the elliptic flow coefficient v_2 at mid-rapidity in both Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV by using a hybrid model that combines ideal hydrodynamics for space-time evolution…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-18 Tetsufumi Hirano , Yasushi Nara

The scaling behaviors of anisotropic flows of light charged particles are studied for 25 \,MeV/nucleon $^{40}$Ca+$^{40}$Ca collisions at different impact parameters by the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. The number of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-17 Tingzhi Yan , Shan Li

In this article we present the results of application of the Monte Carlo modified Glauber model for the predictions of collision centrality dependence of the total charged-particle yields for 16O +16O and 20Ne+20Ne colliding systems at the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-06 Svetlana Simak , Grigory Feofilov

Centrality determination remains one of the major sources of systematic uncertainty in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collision analyses, especially for probing the nuclear equation of state (EoS) at supra-saturation densities. To…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-01-29 Xiaoqing Yue , Pengcheng Li , Yongjia Wang , Qingfeng Li , Fuhu Liu

We report the measurements of correlations between event-by-event fluctuations of amplitudes of anisotropic flow harmonics in nucleus-nucleus collisions, obtained for the first time using a new analysis method based on multiparticle…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2016-11-29 ALICE Collaboration

We present (3+1)D dynamical simulations of asymmetric nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Employing a dynamical initial state model coupled to (3+1)D viscous relativistic hydrodynamics, we explore the rapidity…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-04-26 Wenbin Zhao , Sangwook Ryu , Chun Shen , Björn Schenke

Collective flow coefficients and spin polarization are valuable probes of the geometry and flow velocity field of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Using a modified TRENTo initial condition coupled…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-08-13 Ze-Fang Jiang , Shanshan Cao , Ben-Wei Zhang

The principal component analysis of flow correlations in heavy-ion collisions is studied. The correlation matrix of harmonic flow is generalized to correlations involving several different flow vectors. The method can be applied to study…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-03-14 Piotr Bozek

Collisions between prolate uranium nuclei are used to study how particle production and azimuthal anisotropies depend on initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions. We report the two- and four-particle cumulants, $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$,…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-12-02 STAR Collaboration , L. Adamczyk , J. K. Adkins , G. Agakishiev , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , I. Alekseev , J. Alford , A. Aparin , D. Arkhipkin , E. C. Aschenauer , G. S. Averichev , V. Bairathi , A. Banerjee , R. Bellwied , A. Bhasin , A. K. Bhati , P. Bhattarai , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , L. C. Bland , I. G. Bordyuzhin , J. Bouchet , A. V. Brandin , I. Bunzarov , J. Butterworth , H. Caines , M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez , J. M. Campbell , D. Cebra , M. C. Cervantes , I. Chakaberia , P. Chaloupka , Z. Chang , S. Chattopadhyay , J. H. Chen , X. Chen , J. Cheng , M. Cherney , W. Christie , G. Contin , H. J. Crawford , S. Das , L. C. De Silva , R. R. Debbe , T. G. Dedovich , J. Deng , A. A. Derevschikov , B. di Ruzza , L. Didenko , C. Dilks , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , J. E. Draper , C. M. Du , L. E. Dunkelberger , J. C. Dunlop , L. G. Efimov , J. Engelage , G. Eppley , R. Esha , O. Evdokimov , O. Eyser , R. Fatemi , S. Fazio , P. Federic , J. Fedorisin , Z. Feng , P. Filip , Y. Fisyak , C. E. Flores , L. Fulek , C. A. Gagliardi , D. Garand , F. Geurts , A. Gibson , M. Girard , L. Greiner , D. Grosnick , D. S. Gunarathne , Y. Guo , A. Gupta , S. Gupta , W. Guryn , A. Hamad , A. Hamed , R. Haque , J. W. Harris , L. He , S. Heppelmann , S. Heppelmann , A. Hirsch , G. W. Hoffmann , D. J. Hofman , S. Horvat , B. Huang , H. Z. Huang , X. Huang , P. Huck , T. J. Humanic , G. Igo , W. W. Jacobs , H. Jang , K. Jiang , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , D. Kalinkin , K. Kang , K. Kauder , H. W. Ke , D. Keane , A. Kechechyan , Z. H. Khan , D. P. Kikola , I. Kisel , A. Kisiel , L. Kochenda , D. D. Koetke , T. Kollegger , L. K. Kosarzewski , A. F. Kraishan , P. Kravtsov , K. Krueger , I. Kulakov , L. Kumar , R. A. Kycia , M. A. C. Lamont , J. M. Landgraf , K. D. Landry , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , R. Lednicky , J. H. Lee , X. Li , Z. M. Li , Y. Li , W. Li , X. Li , C. Li , M. A. Lisa , F. Liu , T. Ljubicic , W. J. Llope , M. Lomnitz , R. S. Longacre , X. Luo , G. L. Ma , R. Ma , Y. G. Ma , L. Ma , N. Magdy , R. Majka , A. Manion , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. Masui , H. S. Matis , D. McDonald , K. Meehan , N. G. Minaev , S. Mioduszewski , D. Mishra , B. Mohanty , M. M. Mondal , D. A. Morozov , M. K. Mustafa , B. K. Nandi , Md. Nasim , T. K. Nayak , G. Nigmatkulov , L. V. Nogach , S. Y. Noh , J. Novak , S. B. Nurushev , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , K. Oh , V. Okorokov , D. Olvitt , B. S. Page , R. Pak , Y. X. Pan , Y. Pandit , Y. Panebratsev , B. Pawlik , H. Pei , C. Perkins , A. Peterson , P. Pile , M. Planinic , J. Pluta , N. Poljak , K. Poniatowska , J. Porter , M. Posik , A. M. Poskanzer , J. Putschke , H. Qiu , A. Quintero , S. Ramachandran , R. Raniwala , S. Raniwala , R. L. Ray , H. G. Ritter , J. B. Roberts , O. V. Rogachevskiy , J. L. Romero , A. Roy , L. Ruan , J. Rusnak , O. Rusnakova , N. R. Sahoo , P. K. Sahu , I. Sakrejda , S. Salur , J. Sandweiss , A. Sarkar , J. Schambach , R. P. Scharenberg , A. M. Schmah , W. B. Schmidke , N. Schmitz , J. Seger , P. Seyboth , N. Shah , E. Shahaliev , P. V. Shanmuganathan , M. Shao , M. K. Sharma , B. Sharma , W. Q. Shen , S. S. Shi , Q. Y. Shou , E. P. Sichtermann , R. Sikora , M. Simko , M. J. Skoby , N. Smirnov , D. Smirnov , L. Song , P. Sorensen , H. M. Spinka , B. Srivastava , T. D. S. Stanislaus , M. Stepanov , R. Stock , M. Strikhanov , B. Stringfellow , M. Sumbera , B. Summa , Z. Sun , X. M. Sun , Y. Sun , X. Sun , B. Surrow , N. Svirida , M. A. Szelezniak , Z. Tang , A. H. Tang , T. Tarnowsky , A. Tawfik , J. H. Thomas , A. R. Timmins , D. Tlusty , M. Tokarev , S. Trentalange , R. E. Tribble , P. Tribedy , S. K. Tripathy , B. A. Trzeciak , O. D. Tsai , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , I. Upsal , G. Van Buren , G. van Nieuwenhuizen , M. Vandenbroucke , R. Varma , A. N. Vasiliev , R. Vertesi , F. Videbæk , Y. P. Viyogi , S. Vokal , S. A. Voloshin , A. Vossen , G. Wang , H. Wang , J. S. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , F. Wang , J. C. Webb , G. Webb , L. Wen , G. D. Westfall , H. Wieman , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , Y. F. Wu , Z. G. Xiao , W. Xie , K. Xin , Y. F. Xu , Q. H. Xu , H. Xu , N. Xu , Z. Xu , Y. Yang , C. Yang , S. Yang , Y. Yang , Q. Yang , Z. Ye , P. Yepes , L. Yi , K. Yip , I. -K. Yoo , N. Yu , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zha , J. B. Zhang , Z. Zhang , J. Zhang , S. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , J. Zhang , Y. Zhang , J. Zhao , C. Zhong , L. Zhou , X. Zhu , Y. Zoulkarneeva , M. Zyzak

We study the elliptic flow coefficient v_2(eta,b) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s)=200 A GeV as a function of pseudorapidity eta and impact parameter b. Using a hybrid approach which combines early ideal fluid dynamical evolution with late…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Tetsufumi Hirano , Ulrich W. Heinz , Dmitri Kharzeev , Roy Lacey , Yasushi Nara

Some atomic nuclei exhibit ``pear" shapes arising from octupole deformation ($\beta_3$), though direct experimental evidences for such exotic shapes remains scarce. Low-energy model studies suggest $^{238}$U may have a modest octupole…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-05-15 Chunjian Zhang , Jiangyong Jia , Jinhui Chen , Chun Shen , Lumeng Liu

In the framework of the Glauber model as implemented in GLISSANDO 2, we study the fluctuations of flow harmonics in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV. The model with wounded nucleons and the admixture of binary…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-05-25 Maciej Rybczynski , Wojciech Broniowski

We present a systematic study of elliptic flow as a function of centrality, pseudorapidity, transverse momentum and energy for Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions from the PHOBOS experiment. New data on elliptic flow in Cu+Cu collisions at 22.4 GeV…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-14 Rachid Nouicer

We investigate the effect of nucleon-nucleon correlations on the initial condition of ultra-central heavy ion collisions at LHC energies. We calculate the eccentricities of the MC-Glauber and IP-Glasma models in the 0--1% centrality class…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-07-01 G. S. Denicol , C. Gale , S. Jeon , J. -F. Paquet , B. Schenke

This paper presents measurements of the elliptic flow of charged particles as a function of pseudorapidity and centrality from Cu-Cu collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-14 B. Alver

This paper describes the measurement of the energy dependence of elliptic flow for charged particles in Au+Au collisions using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Data taken at collision energies of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2012-08-27 PHOBOS Collaboration

The collective structure of atomic nuclei intermediate between spherical and quadrupole deformed structure presents challenges to theoretical understanding. However, models have recently been proposed in terms of potentials which are soft…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2020-01-07 M. A. Caprio

This is a review of the theoretical background, experimental techniques, and phenomenology of what is called the "Glauber Model" in relativistic heavy ion physics. This model is used to calculate "geometric" quantities, which are typically…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 Michael L. Miller , Klaus Reygers , Stephen J. Sanders , Peter Steinberg

New constraints for the nuclear equation of state at suprasaturation densities have been obtained by measuring collective particle flows in heavy-ion reactions at relativistic energies. Ratios and differences of neutron and hydrogen flows…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-02-13 W. Trautmann , H. H. Wolter

We analyze the nearest neighbor spacing distributions of low-lying 2+ levels of even-even nuclei. We grouped the nuclei into classes defined by the quadrupole deformation parameter (Beta2). We calculate the nearest neighbor spacing…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-02-14 A. Al-Sayed