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Topological codes have many desirable properties that allow fault-tolerant quantum computation with relatively low overhead. A core challenge for these codes, however, is to achieve a low-overhead universal gate set with limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Julio C. Magdalena de la Fuente , Noa Feldman , Jens Eisert , Andreas Bauer

The code-capacity threshold of a scalable quantum error correcting stabilizer code can be expressed as a thermodynamic phase transition of a corresponding random-bond Ising model. Here we study the XY and XZZX surface codes under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Yinzi Xiao , Basudha Srivastava , Mats Granath

Quantum error correction codes (QECCs) are critical for realizing reliable quantum computing by protecting fragile quantum states against noise and errors. However, limited research has analyzed the noise resilience of QECCs to help select…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Avimita Chatterjee , Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires quantum error correction (QEC), with most recent breakthrough demonstrations of QEC using the surface code. QEC codes use multiple noisy physical qubits to encode information in…

We introduce a technique that uses gauge fixing to significantly improve the quantum error correcting performance of subsystem codes. By changing the order in which check operators are measured, valuable additional information can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-18 Oscar Higgott , Nikolas P. Breuckmann

A pure-loss bosonic channel is a simple model for communication over free-space or fiber-optic links. More generally, phase-insensitive bosonic channels model other kinds of noise, such as thermalizing or amplifying processes. Recent work…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-22 Mark M. Wilde , Joseph M. Renes , Saikat Guha

Studies of quantum error correction (QEC) typically focus on stochastic Pauli errors because the existence of a threshold error rate below which stochastic Pauli errors can be corrected implies that there exists a threshold below which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-27 Stefanie J. Beale , Joel J. Wallman

Classical simulations of noisy stabilizer circuits are often used to estimate the threshold of a quantum error-correcting code. Physical noise sources are efficiently approximated by random insertions of Pauli operators. For a single qubit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Mauricio Gutiérrez , Kenneth R. Brown

We can design efficient quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes by tailoring them to our choice of quantum architecture. Useful tools for constructing such codes include Clifford deformations and appropriate gauge fixings of compass codes. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Julie A. Campos , Kenneth R. Brown

Quantum hardware rarely suffers equal amounts of bit-flip ($X$) and phase-flip ($Z$) errors; one type is often much more common than the other. A code that is ``bias-tailored'' can exploit this imbalance, lowering the fault-tolerance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Shixin Wu , Todd A. Brun , Daniel A. Lidar

Efficient decoding to estimate error locations from outcomes of syndrome measurement is the prerequisite for quantum error correction. Decoding in presence of circuit-level noise including measurement errors should be considered in case of…

We consider the problem of optimally decoding a quantum error correction code -- that is to find the optimal recovery procedure given the outcomes of partial "check" measurements on the system. In general, this problem is NP-hard. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Poulin

With the intense interest in small, noisy quantum computing devices comes the push for larger, more accurate -- and hence more useful -- quantum computers. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers are, in principle, capable of achieving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-22 Akshaya Jayashankar , My Duy Hoang Long , Hui Khoon Ng , Prabha Mandayam

Quantum error correcting (QEC) codes protect quantum information from decoherence, as long as error rates fall below critical error thresholds. In general, obtaining thresholds implies simulating the QEC procedure using, in general,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-17 Luis Colmenarez , Ze-Min Huang , Sebastian Diehl , Markus Müller

In a recent study [Rohde et al., quant-ph/0603130 (2006)] of several quantum error correcting protocols designed for tolerance against qubit loss, it was shown that these protocols have the undesirable effect of magnifying the effects of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-19 Henry L. Haselgrove , Peter P. Rohde

Quantum error correction is essential for robust quantum information processing with noisy devices. As bosonic quantum systems play a crucial role in quantum sensing, communication, and computation, it is important to design error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-26 Jing Wu , Quntao Zhuang

Quantum error correction is an essential technique for constructing a scalable quantum computer. In order to implement quantum error correction with near-term quantum devices, a fast and near-optimal decoding method is demanded. A decoder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 Amarsanaa Davaasuren , Yasunari Suzuki , Keisuke Fujii , Masato Koashi

Quantum processors are often affected by biased noise and noisy readout, which reduce reliability and reproducibility. This work combines two complementary strategies to address these challenges. The first is bias tailoring, which aligns…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Devon Campbell

A common approach to studying the performance of quantum error correcting codes is to assume independent and identically distributed single-qubit errors. However, the available experimental data shows that realistic errors in modern…

Topological color codes defined by the 4.8.8 semiregular lattice feature geometrically local check operators and admit transversal implementation of the entire Clifford group, making them promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-14 Ashley M. Stephens