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DL inference queries play an important role in diverse internet services and a large fraction of datacenter cycles are spent on processing DL inference queries. Specifically, the matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) operations of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Benjamin Y. Cho , Jeageun Jung , Mattan Erez

This paper introduces EdgeProfiler, a fast profiling framework designed for evaluating lightweight Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge systems. While LLMs offer remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Alyssa Pinnock , Shakya Jayakody , Kawsher A Roxy , Md Rubel Ahmed

With the fast growth of parameter size, it becomes increasingly challenging to deploy large generative models as they typically require large GPU memory consumption and massive computation. Unstructured model pruning has been a common…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Haojun Xia , Zhen Zheng , Yuchao Li , Donglin Zhuang , Zhongzhu Zhou , Xiafei Qiu , Yong Li , Wei Lin , Shuaiwen Leon Song

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) is frequently hindered by prohibitive memory and computational requirements. While quantization mitigates these bottlenecks, maintaining model fidelity in the sub-1-bit regime remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Banseok Lee , Dongkyu Kim , Youngcheon You , Youngmin Kim

The widespread usage of high-definition screens on edge devices stimulates a strong demand for efficient image restoration algorithms. The way of caching deep learning models in a look-up table (LUT) is recently introduced to respond to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiacheng Li , Chang Chen , Zhen Cheng , Zhiwei Xiong

Fine-tuning is a crucial process for adapting large language models (LLMs) to diverse applications. In certain scenarios, such as multi-tenant serving, deploying multiple LLMs becomes necessary to meet complex demands. Recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Bowen Ping , Shuo Wang , Hanqing Wang , Xu Han , Yuzhuang Xu , Yukun Yan , Yun Chen , Baobao Chang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Loom (LM), a hardware inference accelerator for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is presented. In LM every bit of data precision that can be saved translates to proportional performance gains. Specifically, for convolutional layers LM's…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Sayeh Sharify , Alberto Delmas Lascorz , Kevin Siu , Patrick Judd , Andreas Moshovos

Matrix multiplication is the bedrock in Deep Learning inference application. When it comes to hardware acceleration on edge computing devices, matrix multiplication often takes up a great majority of the time. To achieve better performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Yuyang Zhang , Dik Hin Leung , Min Guo , Yijia Xiao , Haoyue Liu , Yunfei Li , Jiyuan Zhang , Guan Wang , Zhen Chen

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are widely used to implement deep learning inference. Standard deep neural network inference involves the computation of interleaved linear maps and nonlinear activation functions. Prior work for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Marta Andronic , George A. Constantinides

The growing demand for deploying Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices, including laptops, smartphones, and embedded platforms, has exposed fundamental inefficiencies in existing accelerators. While GPUs handle prefill workloads…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinane Bazzi , Mariam Rakka , Fadi Kurdahi , Mohammed E. Fouda , Ahmed Eltawil

In this paper, we propose FusionCIM, an operator-fusion-driven compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerator architecture for efficient and scalable LLM inference, with three key innovations: (1) a hybrid CIM pipeline architecture that maps QKT…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zihao Xuan , Jia Chen , Yewen Li , Wei Xuan , Hegan Chen , Xiao Huo , Fengbin Tu

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs, characterized by their sparse activation patterns, offer a promising approach to scaling language models while avoiding proportionally increasing the inference cost. However, their large parameter sizes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yichao Yuan , Lin Ma , Nishil Talati

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, their massive parameter counts and associated extensive computing make LLMs' deployment the main part of carbon emission from nowadays AI applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jie Peng , Zhang Cao , Huaizhi Qu , Zhengyu Zhang , Chang Guo , Yanyong Zhang , Zhichao Cao , Tianlong Chen

Efficient adaption of large language models (LLMs) on edge devices is essential for applications requiring continuous and privacy-preserving adaptation and inference. However, existing tuning techniques fall short because of the high…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across various tasks, yet their high computational demands pose deployment challenges, especially on consumer-grade hardware. Mixture of Experts (MoE) models provide an efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 En-Ming Huang , Li-Shang Lin , Chun-Yi Lee

Because of the increasing demand for computation in DNN, researchers develope both hardware and software mechanisms to reduce the compute and memory burden. A widely adopted approach is to use mixed precision data types. However, it is hard…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Jian Weng , Animesh Jain , Jie Wang , Leyuan Wang , Yida Wang , Tony Nowatzki

Specializing large language models (LLMs) for local deployment in domain-specific use cases is necessary for strong performance while meeting latency and privacy constraints. However, conventional task-specific adaptation approaches do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Lanxiang Hu , Tajana Rosing , Hao Zhang

The growth of long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly increases memory and bandwidth pressure during autoregressive decoding due to the expanding Key-Value (KV) cache. While accuracy-preserving KV-cache quantization (e.g.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Dayou Du , Shijie Cao , Jianyi Cheng , Luo Mai , Ting Cao , Mao Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled remarkable progress in natural language processing, yet their high computational and memory demands pose challenges for deployment in resource-constrained environments. Although recent low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jiayi Tian , Ryan Solgi , Jinming Lu , Yifan Yang , Hai Li , Zheng Zhang

Recently, there has been an extensive research effort in building efficient large language model (LLM) inference serving systems. These efforts not only include innovations in the algorithm and software domains but also constitute…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jaehong Cho , Minsu Kim , Hyunmin Choi , Guseul Heo , Jongse Park