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In this paper, we study the application of Test-Time Training (TTT) as a solution to handling distribution shifts in speech applications. In particular, we introduce distribution-shifts to the test datasets of standard speech-classification…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Sri Harsha Dumpala , Chandramouli Sastry , Sageev Oore

Multi-modal test-time adaptation (MM-TTA) adapts models to an unlabeled target domain by leveraging the complementary multi-modal inputs in an online manner. While previous MM-TTA methods for 3D segmentation offer a promising solution by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Haozhi Cao , Yuecong Xu , Pengyu Yin , Xingyu Ji , Shenghai Yuan , Jianfei Yang , Lihua Xie

Deep learning models have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of computer vision tasks. However, their performance often degrades significantly when faced with distribution shifts, such as domain or dataset changes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Samuel Barbeau , Pedram Fekri , David Osowiechi , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Masih Aminbeidokhti , Christian Desrosiers

Graph-based learning excels at capturing interaction patterns in diverse domains like recommendation, fraud detection, and particle physics. However, its performance often degrades under distribution shifts, especially those altering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hans Hao-Hsun Hsu , Shikun Liu , Han Zhao , Pan Li

Pre-trained Transformer-based speech models have shown striking performance when fine-tuned on various downstream tasks such as automatic speech recognition and spoken language identification (SLID). However, the problem of domain mismatch…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Mohammed Maqsood Shaik , Dietrich Klakow , Badr M. Abdullah

Machine learning models for text classification often excel on in-distribution (ID) data but struggle with unseen out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Most techniques for improving OOD robustness are not applicable to settings where the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Kyle O'Brien , Nathan Ng , Isha Puri , Jorge Mendez , Hamid Palangi , Yoon Kim , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Thomas Hartvigsen

Language-guided unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) often fail not from bad reasoning or perception, but from execution mismatch: the gap between a planned trajectory and the controller's ability to track it when the real dynamics differ from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Lingxue Lyu

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP show strong zero-shot performance but struggle with generalization under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting VLMs to unlabeled test data in new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Aijun An , Ali cheraghian

Continual Test Time Adaptation (CTTA) has emerged as a critical approach for bridging the domain gap between the controlled training environments and the real-world scenarios, enhancing model adaptability and robustness. Existing CTTA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hyewon Park , Hyejin Park , Jueun Ko , Dongbo Min

Prior to the deployment of robotic systems, pre-training the deep-recognition models on all potential visual cases is infeasible in practice. Hence, test-time adaptation (TTA) allows the model to adapt itself to novel environments and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Junha Song , Kwanyong Park , InKyu Shin , Sanghyun Woo , Chaoning Zhang , In So Kweon

Self-supervised ASR-TTS models suffer in out-of-domain data conditions. Here we propose an enhanced ASR-TTS (EAT) model that incorporates two main features: 1) The ASR$\rightarrow$TTS direction is equipped with a language model reward to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-16 Murali Karthick Baskar , Lukáš Burget , Shinji Watanabe , Ramon Fernandez Astudillo , Jan "Honza'' Černocký

The ability to scene understanding in adverse visual conditions, e.g., nighttime, has sparked active research for RGB-Thermal (RGB-T) semantic segmentation. However, it is essentially hampered by two critical problems: 1) the day-night gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Yexin Liu , Weiming Zhang , Guoyang Zhao , Jinjing Zhu , Athanasios Vasilakos , Lin Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm to handle the domain shifts at test time for medical images from different institutions without using extra training data. However, existing TTA solutions for segmentation tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Chuyan Zhang , Hao Zheng , Xin You , Yefeng Zheng , Yun Gu

Given the inevitability of domain shifts during inference in real-world applications, test-time adaptation (TTA) is essential for model adaptation after deployment. However, the real-world scenario of continuously changing target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Junyoung Park , Jin Kim , Hyeongjun Kwon , Ilhoon Yoon , Kwanghoon Sohn

The performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems typically degrades significantly when the training and test data domains are mismatched. In this paper, we show that self-training (ST) combined with an uncertainty-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Sameer Khurana , Niko Moritz , Takaaki Hori , Jonathan Le Roux

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for vision-language models (VLMs) to bridge the distribution gap between pre-training and test data. Recent works have focused on backpropagation-free TTA methods that rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhaohong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Wenjing Liu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Continual test-time domain adaptation (CTTA) aims to adjust pre-trained source models to perform well over time across non-stationary target environments. While previous methods have made considerable efforts to optimize the adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yanshuo Wang , Xuesong Li , Jinguang Tong , Jie Hong , Jun Lan , Weiqiang Wang , Huijia Zhu , Haoxing Chen

Although debiased large language models (LLMs) excel at handling known or low-bias prompts, they often fail on unfamiliar and high-bias prompts. We demonstrate via out-of-distribution (OOD) detection that these high-bias prompts cause a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hanwen Shen , Ting Ying , Jiajie Lu , Shanshan Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a technique aimed at enhancing the generalization performance of models by leveraging unlabeled samples solely during prediction. Given the need for robustness in neural network systems when faced with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Yongcan Yu , Lijun Sheng , Ran He , Jian Liang

In this work, we propose a novel complementary learning approach to enhance test-time adaptation (TTA), which has been proven to exhibit good performance on testing data with distribution shifts such as corruptions. In test-time adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Jiayi Han , Longbin Zeng , Liang Du , Weiyang Ding , Jianfeng Feng