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Vision foundation models have attracted significant attention for their ability to leverage large-scale unlabeled visual data. This advantage is particularly important in remote sensing, where data acquisition is costly and annotation often…

Artificial Intelligence in medicine is traditionally limited by the lack of massive training datasets. Foundation models, pre-trained models that can be adapted to downstream tasks with small datasets, could alleviate this problem.…

Machine learning models of vastly different modalities and architectures are being trained to predict the behavior of molecules, materials, and proteins. However, it remains unclear whether they learn similar internal representations of…

The rise of imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and advances in deep learning (DL) have enabled clinicians and researchers to streamline retinal disease staging. A popular DL approach is self-supervised learning…

Automated diagnosis based on color fundus photography is essential for large-scale glaucoma screening. However, existing deep learning models are typically data-driven and lack explicit integration of retinal anatomical knowledge, which…

Retinal lesions play a vital role in the accurate classification of retinal abnormalities. Many researchers have proposed deep lesion-aware screening systems that analyze and grade the progression of retinopathy. However, to the best of our…

Image fusion aims to integrate complementary information from multiple source images to produce a more informative and visually consistent representation, benefiting both human perception and downstream vision tasks. Despite recent…

Ultra-widefield (UWF) imaging is a promising modality that captures a larger retinal field of view compared to traditional fundus photography. Previous studies showed that deep learning (DL) models are effective for detecting retinal…

Current retinal foundation models remain constrained by curated research datasets that lack authentic clinical context, and require extensive task-specific optimization for each application, limiting their deployment efficiency in…

Spectral imaging data acquired via multispectral and hyperspectral cameras can have hundreds of channels, where each channel records the reflectance at a specific wavelength and bandwidth. Time and resource constraints limit our ability to…

Fundus imaging such as CFP, OCT and UWF is crucial for the early detection of retinal anomalies and diseases. Fundus image understanding, due to its knowledge-intensive nature, poses a challenging vision-language task. An emerging approach…

Visual impairment represents a major global health challenge, with multimodal imaging providing complementary information that is essential for accurate ophthalmic diagnosis. This comprehensive survey systematically reviews the latest…

Despite significant strides in medical foundation models, the ultrasound domain lacks a comprehensive solution capable of bridging low-level Ultrasound Grounded Perception (e.g., segmentation, localization) and high-level Ultrasound…

The emergence of deepfake technologies has become a matter of social concern as they pose threats to individual privacy and public security. It is now of great significance to develop reliable deepfake detectors. However, with numerous face…

Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) have become the cornerstone of modern computer vision, offering robust representations across a wide array of tasks. While recent advances allow these models to handle varying input sizes during training,…

This work explores the effectiveness of masked image modelling for learning representations of retinal OCT images. To this end, we leverage Masked Autoencoders (MAE), a simple and scalable method for self-supervised learning, to obtain a…

Models for image representation learning are typically designed for either recognition or generation. Various forms of contrastive learning help models learn to convert images to embeddings that are useful for classification, detection, and…

Deep learning-based methods have achieved encouraging performances in the field of magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction. Nevertheless, to properly learn a powerful and robust model, these methods generally require large quantities…

In ophthalmological imaging, multiple imaging systems, such as color fundus, infrared, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) or OCT angiography, are often involved to make a diagnosis of retinal disease. Multi-modal…

Large vision foundation models have been widely adopted for retinal disease classification without systematic evidence justifying their parameter requirements. In the present work we address two critical questions: First, are large…