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This work presents a new multimodal system for remote attention level estimation based on multimodal face analysis. Our multimodal approach uses different parameters and signals obtained from the behavior and physiological processes that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Roberto Daza , Luis F. Gomez , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Ruben Tolosana , Ruth Cobos , Javier Ortega-Garcia

This work presents mEBAL, a multimodal database for eye blink detection and attention level estimation. The eye blink frequency is related to the cognitive activity and automatic detectors of eye blinks have been proposed for many tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Roberto Daza , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Ruben Tolosana

This work introduces a new multispectral database and novel approaches for eyeblink detection in RGB and Near-Infrared (NIR) individual images. Our contributed dataset (mEBAL2, multimodal Eye Blink and Attention Level estimation, Version 2)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Roberto Daza , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Ruben Tolosana , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez

Attention is a key factor for successful learning, with research indicating strong associations between (in)attention and learning outcomes. This dissertation advanced the field by focusing on the automated detection of attention-related…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Babette Bühler

Human face pose estimation aims at estimating the gazing direction or head postures with 2D images. It gives some very important information such as communicative gestures, saliency detection and so on, which attracts plenty of attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Chaoqun Hong , Jun Yu

The new method is proposed to monitor the level of current physical load and accumulated fatigue by several objective and subjective characteristics. It was applied to the dataset targeted to estimate the physical load and fatigue by…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-01-19 Yuri Gordienko , Sergii Stirenko , Yuriy Kochura , Oleg Alienin , Michail Novotarskiy , Nikita Gordienko

Visual attention has been extensively studied for learning fine-grained features in both facial expression recognition (FER) and Action Unit (AU) detection. A broad range of previous research has explored how to use attention modules to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Xiaotian Li , Zhihua Li , Huiyuan Yang , Geran Zhao , Lijun Yin

This work presents a feasibility study of remote attention level estimation based on eye blink frequency. We first propose an eye blink detection system based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), very competitive with respect to related…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Roberto Daza , Daniel DeAlcala , Aythami Morales , Ruben Tolosana , Ruth Cobos , Julian Fierrez

Student engagement is a key construct for learning and teaching. While most of the literature explored the student engagement analysis on computer-based settings, this paper extends that focus to classroom instruction. To best examine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ömer Sümer , Patricia Goldberg , Sidney D'Mello , Peter Gerjets , Ulrich Trautwein , Enkelejda Kasneci

Students often drift in and out of focus during class. Effective teachers recognize this and re-engage them when necessary. With the shift to remote learning, teachers have lost the visual feedback needed to adapt to varying student…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Aimar Silvan Ortubay , Lucas C. Parra , Jens Madsen

Attention level estimation systems have a high potential in many use cases, such as human-robot interaction, driver modeling and smart home systems, since being able to measure a person's attention level opens the possibility to natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Andrea Coifman , Péter Rohoska , Miklas S. Kristoffersen , Sven E. Shepstone , Zheng-Hua Tan

We present a demonstration of a web-based system called M2LADS ("System for Generating Multimodal Learning Analytics Dashboards"), designed to integrate, synchronize, visualize, and analyze multimodal data recorded during computer-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Alvaro Becerra , Roberto Daza , Ruth Cobos , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez

This paper explores the development of a multimodal sentiment analysis model that integrates text, audio, and visual data to enhance sentiment classification. The goal is to improve emotion detection by capturing the complex interactions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Hui Lee , Singh Suniljit , Yong Siang Ong

This work investigates the use of multimodal biometrics to detect distractions caused by smartphone use during tasks that require sustained attention, with a focus on computer-based online learning. Although the methods are applicable to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Alvaro Becerra , Roberto Daza , Ruth Cobos , Aythami Morales , Mutlu Cukurova , Julian Fierrez

Compared with facial emotion recognition on categorical model, the dimensional emotion recognition can describe numerous emotions of the real world more accurately. Most prior works of dimensional emotion estimation only considered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Xiaohua Wang , Muzi Peng , Lijuan Pan , Min Hu , Chunhua Jin , Fuji Ren

In recent years, the use of bio-sensing signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), etc. have garnered interest towards applications in affective computing. The parallel trend of deep-learning has led to a huge leap…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Siddharth Siddharth , Tzyy-Ping Jung , Terrence J. Sejnowski

Real-time cognitive workload monitoring is crucial in safety-critical environments, yet established measures are intrusive, expensive, or lack temporal resolution. We tested whether facial movement dynamics from a standard webcam could…

We collected a new dataset that includes approximately eight hours of audiovisual recordings of a group of students and their self-evaluation scores for classroom engagement. The dataset and data analysis scripts are available on our…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Alpay Sabuncuoglu , T. Metin Sezgin

In the article, we present a Web-based System called M2LADS, which supports the integration and visualization of multimodal data recorded in user experiences (UX) in a Learning Analytics (LA) system in the form of Web-based Dashboards.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Álvaro Becerra , Roberto Daza , Ruth Cobos , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez

We present a novel multimodal dataset for Cognitive Load Assessment in REal-time (CLARE). The dataset contains physiological and gaze data from 24 participants with self-reported cognitive load scores as ground-truth labels. The dataset…

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