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A combinatorial optimization problem becomes very difficult in situations where the energy landscape is rugged, and the global minimum locates in a narrow region of the configuration space. When using the quantum approximate optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 Zhen-Duo Wang , Pei-Lin Zheng , Biao Wu , Yi Zhang

Quantum computing offers significant potential for solving NP-hard combinatorial (optimization) problems that are beyond the reach of classical computers. One way to tap into this potential is by reformulating combinatorial problems as a…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum heuristic with empirical evidence of speedup over classical state-of-the-art for some problems. QAOA uses a parameterized circuit with $p$ layers, where higher $p$…

The simulation of many industrially relevant physical processes can be executed up to exponentially faster using quantum algorithms. However, this speedup can only be leveraged if the data input and output of the simulation can be…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is known for its capability and universality in solving combinatorial optimization problems on near-term quantum devices. The results yielded by QAOA depend strongly on its initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Xinwei Lee , Ningyi Xie , Yoshiyuki Saito , Dongsheng Cai , Nobuyoshi Asai

We study the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) in the context of the Max-Cut problem. Near-term (noisy) quantum devices are only able to (accurately) execute QAOA at low circuit depths while QAOA requires a relatively high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-24 Reuben Tate , Majid Farhadi , Creston Herold , Greg Mohler , Swati Gupta

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) tasks are very important in chemistry, finance, job scheduling, and so on, which can be represented using graph structures, with the variables as nodes and the interaction between them as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Yuhan Huang , Ferris Prima Nugraha , Siyuan Jin , Yichi Zhang , Bei Zeng , Qiming Shao

Running quantum circuits on quantum computers does not always generate "clean" results, unlike on a simulator, as noise plays a significant role in any quantum device. To explore this, we experimented with the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Abyan Khabir Irfan , Chansu Yu

With the rapid advancement of quantum computing, Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is considered as a promising candidate to demonstrate quantum supremacy, which exponentially solves a class of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-11 Bo Yue , Shibei Xue , Yu Pan , Min Jiang , Daoyi Dong

Quantum annealers can solve QUBO problems efficiently but struggle with continuous optimization tasks like regression due to their discrete nature. We introduce Quadratic Continuous Quantum Optimization (QCQO), an anytime algorithm that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Sascha Mücke , Thore Gerlach , Nico Piatkowski

Quantum variational algorithms have garnered significant interest recently, due to their feasibility of being implemented and tested on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We examine the robustness of the quantum approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 Yulong Dong , Xiang Meng , Lin Lin , Robert Kosut , K. Birgitta Whaley

Many combinatorial optimization problems admit a maximin fairness variant, where the aim is to find a distribution over possible solutions which maximizes an expected worst-case outcome. However, the support for an optimal distribution may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Bao Bach , Cameron Ibrahim , Reuben Tate , Jad Salem , Stephan Eidenbenz , Ilya Safro

Quantum computers show potential for achieving computational advantage over classical computers, with many candidate applications in combinatorial optimisation. We present an application level benchmarking framework for near-term quantum…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), which is a variational quantum algorithm, aims to give sub-optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. It is widely believed that QAOA has the potential to demonstrate…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is designed to run on a gate model quantum computer and has shallow depth. It takes as input a combinatorial optimization problem and outputs a string that satisfies a high fraction of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Edward Farhi , Aram W Harrow

In the search for quantum advantage in real--world problems, one promising avenue is to use a quantum algorithm to improve on the solution found using an efficient classical algorithm. The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Yunlong Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Nic Shannon , Robert Joynt

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a prominent variational algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems such as the Max Cut problem. A key challenge in QAOA is the efficient identification of variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Shashank Sanjay Bhat , Peiyong Wang , Udaya Parampalli

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) uses a quantum computer to implement a variational method with $2p$ layers of alternating unitary operators, optimized by a classical computer to minimize a cost function. While rigorous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Raimel A. Medina , Maksym Serbyn

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a variational method for noisy, intermediate-scale quantum computers to solve combinatorial optimization problems. Quantifying performance bounds with respect to specific problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Phillip C. Lotshaw , Travis S. Humble , Rebekah Herrman , James Ostrowski , George Siopsis

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) by Farhi et al. is a quantum computational framework for solving quantum or classical optimization tasks. Here, we explore using QAOA for Binary Linear Least Squares (BLLS); a problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Ajinkya Borle , Vincent E. Elfving , Samuel J. Lomonaco