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Quantum software testing introduces new challenges that differ fundamentally from those in classical software engineering. Aims: This study investigates how the quantum software industry defines testing roles and what skills are expected…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Cesar França

Context: Bug-fix pattern detection has been investigated in the past in the context of classical software. However, while quantum software is developing rapidly, the literature still lacks automated methods and tools to identify, analyze,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Pranav K. Nayak , Krishn V. Kher , M. Bharat Chandra , M. V. Panduranga Rao , Lei Zhang

As quantum computers advance, the complexity of the software they can execute increases as well. To ensure this software is efficient, maintainable, reusable, and cost-effective -key qualities of any industry-grade software-mature software…

Quantum systems, in general, output data that cannot be simulated efficiently by a classical computer, and hence is useful for solving certain mathematical problems and simulating quantum many-body systems. This also implies, unfortunately,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Keisuke Fujii , Masahito Hayashi

Flaky tests are tests that can non-deterministically pass or fail, even in the absence of code changes.Despite being a source of false alarms, flaky tests often remain in test suites once they are detected, as they also may be relied upon…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Abdulrahman Alshammari , Paul Ammann , Michael Hilton , Jonathan Bell

Flaky tests (tests with non-deterministic outcomes) can be problematic for testing efficiency and software reliability. Flaky tests in test suites can also significantly delay software releases. There have been several studies that attempt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Negar Hashemi , Amjed Tahir , Shawn Rasheed

With the advent of small-scale prototype quantum computers, researchers can now code and run quantum algorithms that were previously proposed but not fully implemented. In support of this growing interest in quantum computing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Yipeng Huang , Margaret Martonosi

Quantum computing has existed in the theoretical realm for several decades. Recently, quantum computing has re-emerged as a promising technology to solve problems that a classical computer could take hundreds of years to solve. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Neilson Carlos Leite Ramalho , Higor Amario de Souza , Marcos Lordello Chaim

Tests that cause spurious failures without any code changes, i.e., flaky tests, hamper regression testing, increase maintenance costs, may shadow real bugs, and decrease trust in tests. While the prevalence and importance of flakiness is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Martin Gruber , Stephan Lukasczyk , Florian Kroiß , Gordon Fraser

Non-deterministically behaving (i.e., flaky) tests hamper regression testing as they destroy trust and waste computational and human resources. Eradicating flakiness in test suites is therefore an important goal, but automated debugging…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Martin Gruber , Gordon Fraser

Quantum software testing has attracted interest in recent years, prompting the development of various techniques to automate the testing of quantum software. These techniques generate test cases that must be assessed for their effectiveness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Eñaut Mendiluze Usandizaga , Thomas Laurent , Paolo Arcaini , Shaukat Ali

A quantum computer (QC) can solve many computational problems more efficiently than a classic one. The field of QCs is growing: companies (such as DWave, IBM, Google, and Microsoft) are building QC offerings. We position that software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Andriy Miranskyy , Lei Zhang

Recent research has demonstrated that quantum computers can solve certain types of problems substantially faster than the known classical algorithms. These problems include factoring integers and certain physics simulations. Practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme , Wojciech H. Zurek

Quantum computing is a rapidly growing field attracting the interest of both researchers and software developers. Supported by its numerous open-source tools, developers can now build, test, or run their quantum algorithms. Although the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Moses Openja , Mohammad Mehdi Morovati , Le An , Foutse Khomh , Mouna Abidi

Testing can be key to software quality assurance. Automated verification may increase throughput and reduce human fallibility errors. Test scripts supply inputs, run programs and check their outputs mechanically using test oracles. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 William B. Langdon

Quantum computation is a topic of significant recent interest, with practical advances coming from both research and industry. A major challenge in quantum programming is dealing with errors (quantum noise) during execution. Because quantum…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Shih-Han Hung , Kesha Hietala , Shaopeng Zhu , Mingsheng Ying , Michael Hicks , Xiaodi Wu

Quantum error detection can produce unbiased expectation values that exponentially converge to noiseless results as the code distance is increased. Despite this, its performance as an error mitigation technique is relatively understudied on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Yanis Le Fur , Ethan Egger , Hong-Ye Hu , Vincent Russo , William J. Zeng , Ryan LaRose

Non-deterministic test behavior, or flakiness, is common and dreaded among developers. Researchers have studied the issue and proposed approaches to mitigate it. However, the vast majority of previous work has only considered…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Martin Gruber , Muhammad Firhard Roslan , Owain Parry , Fabian Scharnböck , Phil McMinn , Gordon Fraser

Software bugs typically result from errors in specifications or code translation. While classical software engineering has evolved with various tools and methodologies to tackle such bugs, the emergence of quantum computing presents unique…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Mushahid Khan , Prashant J. Nair , Olivia Di Matteo

Due to the fragility of quantum mechanical effects, real quantum computers are plagued by frequent noise effects that cause errors during computations. Quantum error-correcting codes address this problem by providing means to identify and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Thomas Grurl , Christoph Pichler , Jürgen Fuß , Robert Wille