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Related papers: ECG-FM: An Open Electrocardiogram Foundation Model

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Premise. Patterns of electrical brain activity recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) offer immense value for scientific and clinical investigations. The inability of supervised EEG encoders to learn robust EEG patterns and their…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Gayal Kuruppu , Neeraj Wagh , Vaclav Kremen , Sandipan Pati , Gregory Worrell , Yogatheesan Varatharajah

Specialized foundation models are beginning to emerge in various medical subdomains, but pretraining methodologies and parametric scaling with the size of the pretraining dataset are rarely assessed systematically and in a like-for-like…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 M A Al-Masud , Nils Strodthoff

Electrocardiogram (ECG) foundation models represent a paradigm shift from task-specific pipelines to generalizable architectures pre-trained on large-scale unlabeled waveform data. This survey presents a unified and deployment-aware review…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Mudassir Hasan Khan , Ahmad Nayfeh , Mudassir Masood , Ali Ahmad Al-Shaikhi , Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), aiming to learn transferable neural representations from large-scale heterogeneous recordings. Despite rapid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Dingkun Liu , Yuheng Chen , Zhu Chen , Zhenyao Cui , Yaozhi Wen , Jiayu An , Jingwei Luo , Dongrui Wu

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential and effective tool for diagnosing heart diseases. However, its effectiveness can be compromised by noise or unavailability of one or more leads of the standard 12-lead recordings, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Huynh Dang Nguyen , Trong-Thang Pham , Ngan Le , Van Nguyen

ECG foundation models are increasingly popular due to their adaptability across various tasks. However, their clinical applicability is often limited by performance gaps compared to task-specific models, even after pre-training on large ECG…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ya Zhou , Yujie Yang , Xiaohan Fan , Wei Zhao

To handle the scarcity and heterogeneity of electroencephalography (EEG) data for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) tasks, and to harness the power of large publicly available data sets, we propose Neuro-GPT, a foundation model consisting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Wenhui Cui , Woojae Jeong , Philipp Thölke , Takfarinas Medani , Karim Jerbi , Anand A. Joshi , Richard M. Leahy

Low left ventricular ejection fraction (LEF) frequently remains undetected until progression to symptomatic heart failure, underscoring the need for scalable screening strategies. Although artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiography…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ya Zhou , Tianxiang Hao , Ziyi Cai , Haojie Zhu , Kejun He , Jia Liu , Xiaohan Fan , Jing Yuan

Clinical EEG interpretation requires reasoning over full EEG sessions and integrating signal patterns with clinical context. Existing EEG foundation models are largely designed for short-window decoding and do not incorporate clinical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Peng Cao , Ali Mirzazadeh , Jong Woo Lee , Aleksandar Videnovic , Dina Katabi

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are among the most widely available clinical signals and play a central role in cardiovascular diagnosis. While recent foundation models (FMs) have shown promise for learning transferable ECG representations, most…

Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis stands at the forefront of neuroscience and artificial intelligence research, where foundation models are reshaping the traditional EEG analysis paradigm by leveraging their powerful representational…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Hongqi Li , Yitong Chen , Yujuan Wang , Weihang Ni , Haodong Zhang

Intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) offers high-signal-to-noise access to cortical activity for brain-computer interfaces, yet limited per-patient data has led most prior work to rely on small, subject-specific decoders that neglect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liuyin Yang , Qiang Sun , Bob Van Dyck , Eva Calvo Merino , Marc M. Van Hulle

We introduce a unified benchmarking framework focused on evaluating EEG-based foundation models in clinical applications. The benchmark spans 11 well-defined diagnostic tasks across 14 publicly available EEG datasets, including epilepsy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Ard Kastrati , Josua Bürki , Jonas Lauer , Cheng Xuan , Raffaele Iaquinto , Roger Wattenhofer

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a vital tool to measure and record brain activity in neuroscience and clinical applications, yet its potential is constrained by signal heterogeneity, low signal-to-noise ratios, and limited labeled datasets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Enze Shi , Kui Zhao , Qilong Yuan , Jiaqi Wang , Huawen Hu , Sigang Yu , Shu Zhang

Clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis rests on a hand-crafted feature catalog refined over decades, \emph{e.g.,} band power, connectivity, complexity, and more. Modern EEG foundation models bypass this catalog, learn directly from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ling Tang , Qian Chen , Jilin Mei , Houshi Xu , Quanshi Zhang , Jing Shao , Na Zou , Xia Hu , Dongrui Liu

Brain Foundation Models (BFMs) are transforming neuroscience by enabling scalable and transferable learning from neural signals, advancing both clinical diagnostics and cutting-edge neuroscience exploration. Their emergence is powered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Fanqi Shen , Enhong Yang , Jiahe Li , Junru Hong , Xiaoran Pan , Zhizhang Yuan , Meng Li , Yang Yang

Electrocardiogram~(ECG), a key bioelectrical time-series signal, is crucial for assessing cardiac health and diagnosing various diseases. Given its time-series format, ECG data is often incorporated into pre-training datasets for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Zhijiang Tang , Jiaxin Qi , Yuhua Zheng , Jianqiang Huang

Electrocardiogram (ECG)-based models have achieved strong performance in diagnostic tasks, yet they remain limited in modeling how cardiac dynamics evolve under external interventions. In particular, existing approaches focus primarily on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhikang Chen , Yue Wang , Sen Cui , Yu Zhang , Changshui Zhang , Tianling Ren , Tingting Zhu

Electroencephalography (EEG) provides real-time insights into brain activity and supports diverse applications in neuroscience. While EEG foundation models (EFMs) have emerged to address the scalability issues of task-specific models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingying Ma , Feng Wu , Qika Lin , Yucheng Xing , Chenyu Liu , Ziyu Jia , Mengling Feng

Automated analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) has recently undergone a paradigm shift. The introduction of transformer architectures and self-supervised pretraining (SSL) has led to the development of EEG foundation models. These…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-04 Hannah Portmann , Yosuke Morishima