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Understanding the intricate mappings between visual stimuli and neural responses is a fundamental challenge in cognitive neuroscience. While current approaches predominantly align images and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zihan Ma , Tian Xia , Kexin Wang , Xiao Li , Xiaowei He , Yudan Ren

In the current literature, most embedding models are based on the encoder-only transformer architecture to extract a dense and meaningful representation of the given input, which can be a text, an image, and more. With the recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Elio Musacchio , Lucia Siciliani , Pierpaolo Basile , Giovanni Semeraro

Learning the representation of data with hierarchical structures in the hyperbolic space attracts increasing attention in recent years. Due to the constant negative curvature, the hyperbolic space resembles tree metrics and captures the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Huiru Xiao , Caigao Jiang , Yangqiu Song , James Zhang , Junwu Xiong

Hyperbolic neural networks have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling hierarchical data across diverse modalities. Recent studies show that token distributions in foundation models exhibit scale-free properties, suggesting that hyperbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Neil He , Menglin Yang , Rex Ying

Recent research in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has significantly advanced our capabilities in cross-modal reasoning. However, existing methods suffer from performance degradation with domain changes or require substantial computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yi Zhang , Chun-Wun Cheng , Junyi He , Ke Yu , Yushun Tang , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Zhihai He , Angelica I. Aviles-Rivero

We are concerned with the discovery of hierarchical relationships from large-scale unstructured similarity scores. For this purpose, we study different models of hyperbolic space and find that learning embeddings in the Lorentz model is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Maximilian Nickel , Douwe Kiela

Multimodal embedding models, built upon causal Vision Language Models (VLMs), have shown promise in various tasks. However, current approaches face three key limitations: the use of causal attention in VLM backbones is suboptimal for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haonan Chen , Hong Liu , Yuping Luo , Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Furu Wei , Zhicheng Dou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in text understanding and embedding tasks. However, their potential in multimodal representation, particularly for item-to-item (I2I) recommendations, remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Chao Zhang , Haoxin Zhang , Shiwei Wu , Di Wu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

Recent research in representation learning has shown that hierarchical data lends itself to low-dimensional and highly informative representations in hyperbolic space. However, even if hyperbolic embeddings have gathered attention in image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Gabriel Moreira , Manuel Marques , João Paulo Costeira , Alexander Hauptmann

Graph representation learning in Euclidean space, despite its widespread adoption and proven utility in many domains, often struggles to effectively capture the inherent hierarchical and complex relational structures prevalent in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Menglin Yang , Min Zhou , Tong Zhang , Jiahong Liu , Zhihao Li , Lujia Pan , Hui Xiong , Irwin King

The cost of vision-and-language pre-training has become increasingly prohibitive due to end-to-end training of large-scale models. This paper proposes BLIP-2, a generic and efficient pre-training strategy that bootstraps vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Junnan Li , Dongxu Li , Silvio Savarese , Steven Hoi

As retrieval-augmented generation prevails in large language models, embedding models are becoming increasingly crucial. Despite the growing number of general embedding models, prior work often overlooks the critical role of training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xinshuo Hu , Zifei Shan , Xinping Zhao , Zetian Sun , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Shaolin Ye , Xinyuan Wei , Qian Chen , Baotian Hu , Haofen Wang , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

Different from the traditional classification tasks which assume mutual exclusion of labels, hierarchical multi-label classification (HMLC) aims to assign multiple labels to every instance with the labels organized under hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Boli Chen , Xin Huang , Lin Xiao , Zixin Cai , Liping Jing

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP successfully find correspondences between images and text. Through the standard deterministic mapping process, an image or a text sample is mapped to a single vector in the embedding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Uddeshya Upadhyay , Shyamgopal Karthik , Massimiliano Mancini , Zeynep Akata

Multilayer networks offer a powerful framework for modeling complex systems across diverse domains, effectively capturing multiple types of connections and interdependent subsystems commonly found in real world scenarios. To analyze these…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Martin Guillemaud , Vera Dinkelacker , Mario Chavez

Protein-ligand binding prediction is central to virtual screening and affinity ranking, two fundamental tasks in drug discovery. While recent retrieval-based methods embed ligands and protein pockets into Euclidean space for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jianhui Wang , Wenyu Zhu , Bowen Gao , Xin Hong , Ya-Qin Zhang , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

The remarkable success of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has driven advances in multimodal embeddings, yet existing models remain inherently discriminative, limiting their ability to benefit from reasoning-driven generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhibin Lan , Liqiang Niu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Jinsong Su

Accurately quantifying uncertainty in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for their reliable deployment, especially in high-stakes applications. Current state-of-the-art methods for measuring semantic uncertainty in LLMs rely on strict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yashvir S. Grewal , Edwin V. Bonilla , Thang D. Bui

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have seen substantial progress in recent years. However, their ability to represent multimodal information in the acoustic domain remains underexplored. In this work, we introduce Vela, a novel…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ruofan Hu , Yan Xia , Minjie Hong , Jieming Zhu , Bo Chen , Xiaoda Yang , Minghui Fang , Tao Jin

CLIP is a seminal multimodal model that maps images and text into a shared representation space through contrastive learning on billions of image-caption pairs. Inspired by the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs), we investigate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Weiquan Huang , Aoqi Wu , Yifan Yang , Xufang Luo , Yuqing Yang , Usman Naseem , Chunyu Wang , Chunyu Wang , Qi Dai , Xiyang Dai , Dongdong Chen , Chong Luo , Lili Qiu , Liang Hu
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