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Cryptographic computations are fundamental to modern computing, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity. However, these operations are highly vulnerable to power side-channel attacks that exploit variations in power consumption to leak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Amisha Srivastava , Muskan Porwal , Kanad Basu

The evaluation of logic locking methods has long been predicated on an implicit assumption that only the correct key can unveil the true functionality of a protected circuit. Consequently, a locking technique is deemed secure if it resists…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yinghua Hu , Hari Cherupalli , Mike Borza , Deepak Sherlekar

Logic locking proposed to protect integrated circuits from serious hardware threats has been studied extensively over a decade. In these years, many efficient logic locking techniques have been proven to be broken. The state-of-the-art…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Levent Aksoy , Muhammad Yasin , Samuel Pagliarini

Logic locking refers to a set of techniques that can protect integrated circuits (ICs) from counterfeiting, piracy and malicious functionality changes by an untrusted foundry. It achieves these goals by introducing new inputs, called key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Deepak Sirone , Pramod Subramanyan

Side-channel attacks on microprocessors, like the RISC-V, exhibit security vulnerabilities that lead to several design challenges. Hence, it is imperative to study and analyze these security vulnerabilities comprehensively. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Mahya Morid Ahmadi , Faiq Khalid , Muhammad Shafique

Modern circuits face various threats like reverse engineering, theft of intellectual property (IP), side-channel attacks, etc. Here, we present a novel approach for IP protection based on logic encryption (LE). Unlike established schemes…

Logic locking protects the integrity of hardware designs throughout the integrated circuit supply chain. However, recent machine learning (ML)-based attacks have challenged its fundamental security, initiating the requirement for the design…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Zeng Wang , Lilas Alrahis , Dominik Sisejkovic , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Logic locking is a prominent technique to protect the integrity of hardware designs throughout the integrated circuit design and fabrication flow. However, in recent years, the security of locking schemes has been thoroughly challenged by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Dominik Sisejkovic , Farhad Merchant , Lennart M. Reimann , Harshit Srivastava , Ahmed Hallawa , Rainer Leupers

Logic locking is used to protect integrated circuits (ICs) from piracy and counterfeiting. An encrypted IC implements the correct function only when the right key is input. Many existing logic-locking methods are subject to the powerful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Jingbo Zhou , Xinmiao Zhang

Security in modern RISC-V processors demands more than functional correctness: It requires resilience to side-channel attacks. This paper evaluates the vulnerability of the side channel of the CVA6 RISC-V core by analyzing software-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Behnam Farnaghinejad , Antonio Porsia , Annachiara Ruospo , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Ernesto Sanchez

The semiconductor industry's paradigm shift towards fabless integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing has introduced security threats, including piracy, counterfeiting, hardware Trojans, and overproduction. In response to these challenges,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Felipe Almeida , Levent Aksoy , Samuel Pagliarini

Sequential logic locking has been studied over the last decade as a method to protect sequential circuits from reverse engineering. However, most of the existing sequential logic locking techniques are threatened by increasingly more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Yuke Zhang , Yinghua Hu , Pierluigi Nuzzo , Peter A. Beerel

In recent years, quantum computing has started to demonstrate superior efficiency to classical computing. In quantum computing, quantum circuits that implement specific quantum algorithms are usually not directly executable on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Yuntao Liu , Jayden John , Qian Wang

RISC-V is an emerging technology, with applications ranging from embedded devices to high-performance servers. Therefore, more and more security-critical workloads will be conducted with code that is compiled for RISC-V. Well-known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Jan Wichelmann , Christopher Peredy , Florian Sieck , Anna Pätschke , Thomas Eisenbarth

Intellectual Property (IP) theft is a serious concern for the integrated circuit (IC) industry. To address this concern, logic locking countermeasure transforms a logic circuit to a different one to obfuscate its inner details. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Qinhan Tan , Seetal Potluri , Aydin Aysu

Speculative attacks are still an active threat today that, even if initially focused on the x86 platform, reach across all modern hardware architectures. RISC-V is a newly proposed open instruction set architecture that has seen traction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Ruxandra Bălucea , Paul Irofti

Logic Locking is a well-accepted protection technique to enable trust in the outsourced design and fabrication processes of integrated circuits (ICs) where the original design is modified by incorporating additional key gates in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Ayush Jain , Tanjidur Rahman , Ujjwal Guin

Logic locking remains one of the most promising defenses against hardware piracy, yet current approaches often face challenges in scalability and design overhead. In this paper, we present TLGLock, a new design paradigm that leverages the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Abdullah Sahruri , Martin Margala

Due to cost benefits, supply chains of integrated circuits (ICs) are largely outsourced nowadays. However, passing ICs through various third-party providers gives rise to many threats, like piracy of IC intellectual property or insertion of…

Logic locking is a method to prevent intellectual property (IP) piracy. However, under a reasonable attack model, SAT-based methods have proven to be powerful in obtaining the secret key. In response, many locking techniques have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Joseph Sweeney , Marijn J. H. Heule , Lawrence Pileggi