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In the standard structure formation scenario based on the cold dark matter paradigm, galactic halos are predicted to contain a large population of dark matter subhalos. While the most massive members of the subhalo population can appear as…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-10 Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine , Leonidas A. Moustakas , Charles R. Keeton , Kris Sigurdson , Daniel A. Gilman

Very low Earth orbits (VLEO), typically classified as orbits below approximately 450 km in altitude, have the potential to provide significant benefits to spacecraft over those that operate in higher altitude orbits. This paper provides a…

Although modern object detectors rely heavily on a significant amount of training data, humans can easily detect novel objects using a few training examples. The mechanism of the human visual system is to interpret spatial relationships…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Geonuk Kim , Hong-Gyu Jung , Seong-Whan Lee

The observation of small bodies in the Space Environment is an ongoing important task in astronomy. While nowadays new objects are mostly detected in larger sky surveys, several follow-up observations are usually needed for each object to…

The detection and characterization of habitable planets around nearby stars persist as one of the foremost objectives in contemporary astrophysics. This work investigates the synergistic integration of astrometric and direct imaging…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-06 Chunhui Bao , Jianghui Ji , Dongjie Tan , Guo Chen , Xiumin Huang , Su Wang , Yao Dong

Since the late 1950s, when the first artificial satellite was launched, the number of Resident Space Objects has steadily increased. It is estimated that around one million objects larger than one cm are currently orbiting the Earth, with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-30 Francisco Caldas , Cláudia Soares

Utilizing the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics algorithm (SINDy) and Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM), the population of resident space objects, divided into Active, Derelict, and Debris, in LEO can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Braden Stock , Maddox McVarthy , Simone Servadio

MOCAT-SSEM is a Source-Sink model that predicts the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space population divided into families using a predefined set of interaction parameters. Thanks to data from the Monte Carlo version of the model (MOCAT-MC), which…

Applications · Statistics 2024-07-31 Erin Ashley , Carla Simon Sanz , Simone Servadio , Giovanni Lavezzi

Catalog maintenance of space objects by limited number of ground-based sensors presents a formidable challenging task to the space community. This article presents a methodology for time-invariant tracking and surveillance of space objects…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Partha Chowdhury , Harsha M , Chinni Prabhunath Georg , Arun Balaji Buduru , Sanat K Biswas

In order to avoid collisions with space debris, the near Earth orbit must be continuously scanned by either ground- or spaced-based facilities. For the low Earth orbit, radar telescopes are the workhorse for this task, especially due to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-26 Daniel Hampf , Paul Wagner , Wolfgang Riede

The proliferation of non-cooperative resident space objects (RSOs) in orbit has spurred the demand for active space debris removal, on-orbit servicing (OOS), classification, and functionality identification of these RSOs. Recent advances in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Basilio Caruso , Trupti Mahendrakar , Van Minh Nguyen , Ryan T. White , Todd Steffen

Gaia is an astrometric mission that will be launched in 2013 and set on L2 point of Lagrange. It will observe a large number of Solar System Objets (SSO) down to magnitude 20. The Solar System Science goal is to map thousand of Main Belt…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 D. Bancelin , D. Hestroffer , W. Thuillot

In recent years (2000-2021), human-space activities have been increasing faster than ever. More than 36000 Earth' orbiting objects, all larger than 10 cm, in orbit around the Earth, are currently tracked by the European Space Agency (ESA).…

Space Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 S. Aljbaae , J. Murcia-Pineros , A. F. B. A. Prado , R. V. Moraes , V. Carruba , G. A. Carita

As the density of spacecraft in Earth's orbit increases, their recognition, pose and trajectory identification becomes crucial for averting potential collisions and executing debris removal operations. However, training models able to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Louis Aberdeen , Mark Hansen , Melvyn L. Smith , Lyndon Smith

Distinction among nearby poses and among symmetries of an object is challenging. In this paper, we propose a unified, group-theoretic approach to tackle both. Different from existing works which directly predict absolute pose, our method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Berkay Kicanaoglu , Ran Tao , Arnold W. M. Smeulders

We have performed a detailed survey simulation of the LSST performance with regards to near-Earth objects (NEOs) using the project's current baseline cadence. The survey shows that if the project is able to reliably generate linked sets of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-08 Tommy Grav , Amy Mainzer , Tim Spahr

As low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems are gaining increasing popularity, new theoretical methodologies are required to investigate such networks' performance at large. This is because deterministic and location-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-06 Niloofar Okati , Taneli Riihonen , Dani Korpi , Ilari Angervuori , Risto Wichman

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are emerging as a key component of non-terrestrial networks due to their low-latency and high-capacity communication capabilities. However, satellites in these orbits are characterized by a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Alejandro Ramírez-Arroyo , Miguel Villanueva-Fernández , Preben Mogensen

This paper presents the initial stages in the development of a deep learning classifier for generalised Resident Space Object (RSO) characterisation that combines high-fidelity simulated light curves with transfer learning to improve the…

Multi orbit low earth orbit (LEO) satellites communication is envisioned as a key infrastructure to deliver global coverage, enabling future services from space air ground integrated networks.However, the optimized design of LEO which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Yingzhuo Sun , Yulan Gao , Ming Xiao , Zhu Han , Octavia A. Dobre