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Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial for widespread applications but remain difficult to solve on a large scale with conventional hardware. Novel optical platforms, known as coherent or photonic Ising machines, are attracting…

Optics · Physics 2020-05-19 D. Pierangeli , G. Marcucci , C. Conti

Dynamic and non-linear systems are emerging as potential candidates for random bit generation. In this context, chaotic systems, which are both dynamic and stochastic, are particularly suitable. This paper introduces a new continuous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-09 Ngoc T. Nguyen , Toan Q. Bui , Ghyslain Gagnon , Pascal Giard , Georges Kaddoum

We present a heuristic algorithm designed to solve Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems efficiently. The algorithm, referred to as IC-D2S, leverages a hybrid approach using Ising and classical machines to address very…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Armin Abdollahi , Mehdi Kamal , Massoud Pedram

Physical Ising machines rely on nature to guide a dynamical system towards an optimal state which can be read out as a heuristical solution to a combinatorial optimization problem. Such designs that use nature as a computing mechanism can…

Stochastic Ising machines, sIMs, are highly promising accelerators for optimization and sampling of computational problems that can be formulated as an Ising model. Here we investigate the computational advantage of sIM for simulations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Rutger J. L. F. Berns , Davi R. Rodrigues , Giovanni Finocchio , Johan H. Mentink

This paper draws attention to a hardware system which can be engineered so that its intrinsic physics is described by the generalized Ising model and can encode the solution to many important NP-hard problems as its ground state. The basic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-03-28 Brian Sutton , Kerem Yunus Camsari , Behtash Behin-Aein , Supriyo Datta

Ising machines are next-generation computers expected to efficiently sample near-optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. Combinatorial optimization problems are modeled as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Kentaro Ohno , Nozomu Togawa

Variational hybrid quantum-classical optimization represents one of the most promising avenue to show the advantage of nowadays noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers in solving hard problems, such as finding the minimum-energy state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Laura Gentini , Alessandro Cuccoli , Stefano Pirandola , Paola Verrucchi , Leonardo Banchi

A wide variety of optimization techniques, both exact and heuristic, tend to be biased samplers. This means that when attempting to find multiple uncorrelated solutions of a degenerate Boolean optimization problem a subset of the solution…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-05-14 Andrew J. Ochoa , Darryl C. Jacob , Salvatore Mandrà , Helmut G. Katzgraber

Combinatorial optimization is a promising application for near-term quantum computers, however, identifying performant algorithms suited to noisy quantum hardware remains as an important goal to potentially realizing quantum computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Titus D. Morris , Ananth Kaushik , Martin Roetteler , Phillip C. Lotshaw

A coherent Ising machine (CIM) is a network of optical parametric oscillators (OPOs), in which the "strongest" collective mode of oscillation at well above threshold corresponds to an optimum solution of a given Ising problem. When a pump…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Y. Yamamoto , T. Leleu , S. Ganguli , H. Mabuchi

Ising machines are purported to be better at solving large-scale combinatorial optimisation problems better than conventional von Neumann computers. However, these Ising machines are widely believed to be heuristics, whose promise is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-08 Sayantan Pramanik , Sourav Chatterjee , Harshkumar Oza

Periodically driven parametric oscillators offer a convenient way to simulate classical Ising spins. When many parametric oscillators are coupled dissipatively, they can be analogous to networks of Ising spins, forming an effective coherent…

A spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) handles large-scale combinatorial optimization problems owing to optical processing with spatial parallelism. However, iterative feedback in the search for optimal solutions limits processing speed…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-27 Suguru Shimomura , Jun Tanida , Yusuke Ogura

This article critically investigates the limitations of the simulated annealing algorithm using probabilistic bits (pSA) in solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. The study begins with an in-depth analysis of the pSA…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Naoya Onizawa , Takahiro Hanyu

Ising machines are hardware solvers which aim to find the absolute or approximate ground states of the Ising model. The Ising model is of fundamental computational interest because it is possible to formulate any problem in the complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-04 Naeimeh Mohseni , Peter L. McMahon , Tim Byrnes

Ongoing semiconductor scaling challenges and the rise of neuromorphic computing have sparked interest in exploring novel computing schemes to achieve higher power efficiency and computational capabilities. Probabilistic computing is one…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xuejian Zhang , John Arnesh Divakaruni Daniel , Neil Dilley , Zhihong Chen , Joerg Appenzeller

Probabilistic computing has been introduced to operate functional networks using a probabilistic bit (p-bit), generating 0 or 1 probabilistically from its electrical input. In contrast to quantum computers, probabilistic computing enables…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-10-27 Hyundo Jung , Hyunjin Kim , Woojin Lee , Jinwoo Jeon , Yohan Choi , Taehyeong Park , Chulwoo Kim

Coupled parametric oscillators were recently employed as simulators of artificial Ising networks, with the potential to solve computationally hard minimization problems. We demonstrate a new dynamical regime within the simplest network -…

The slowing down of Moore's Law has led to a crisis as the computing workloads of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms continue skyrocketing. There is an urgent need for scalable and energy-efficient hardware catering to the unique…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Shuvro Chowdhury , Kerem Y. Camsari