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The independent set reconfiguration problem (ISReconf) is the problem of determining, for given independent sets I_s and I_t of a graph G, whether I_s can be transformed into I_t by repeatedly applying a prescribed reconfiguration rule that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hiroki Hatano , Naoki Kitamura , Taisuke Izumi , Takehiro Ito , Toshimitsu Masuzawa

We present the first results on the complexity of the reconfiguration of vertex separators under the three most popular rules: token addition/removal, token jumping, and token sliding. We show that, aside from some trivially negative…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Guilherme C. M. Gomes , Sérgio H. Nogueira , Vinicius F. dos Santos

For a graph $H$ and an integer $k\ge 1$, the \emph{Token Sliding reconfiguration graph} $\mathsf{TS}_k(H)$ and the \emph{Token Jumping reconfiguration graph} $\mathsf{TJ}_k(H)$ have as vertices the $k$-cliques of $H$, with two vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Duc A. Hoang

The graph crossing number problem, cr(G)<=k, asks for a drawing of a graph G in the plane with at most k edge crossings. Although this problem is in general notoriously difficult, it is fixed- parameter tractable for the parameter k…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-02-19 Petr Hliněný , Marek Derňár

We continue the study of token sliding reconfiguration graphs of independent sets initiated by the authors in an earlier paper (arXiv:2203.16861). Two of the topics in that paper were to study which graphs $G$ are token sliding graphs and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-09 David Avis , Duc A. Hoang

For a graph $G$ and integer $k\geq1$, we define the token graph $F_k(G)$ to be the graph with vertex set all $k$-subsets of $V(G)$, where two vertices are adjacent in $F_k(G)$ whenever their symmetric difference is a pair of adjacent…

The vertices of a $k$-token graph of a graph $G$ correspond to $k$ indistinguishable tokens placed on $k$ different vertices of $G$. Changing some conditions on both the nature of the tokens and the number of tokens allowed in each vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Xiaodi Song , Cristina Dalfó , Miquel Àngel Fiol , Mercè Mora , Shenggui Zhang

A graph vertex-subset problem defines which subsets of the vertices of an input graph are feasible solutions. We view a feasible solution as a set of tokens placed on the vertices of the graph. A reconfiguration variant of a vertex-subset…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Nicolas Bousquet , Amer E. Mouawad , Naomi Nishimura , Sebastian Siebertz

We consider the problem of devising algorithms to count exactly the number of independent sets of a graph G . We show that there is a polynomial time algorithm for this problem when G is restricted to the class of strongly orderable graphs,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Marc Heinrich , Haiko Müller

We present a polynomial-time algorithm that, given two independent sets in a claw-free graph $G$, decides whether one can be transformed into the other by a sequence of elementary steps. Each elementary step is to remove a vertex $v$ from…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Paul Bonsma , Marcin Kamiński , Marcin Wrochna

Vertex splitting is a graph modification operation in which a vertex is replaced by multiple vertices such that the union of their neighborhoods equals the neighborhood of the original vertex. We introduce and study vertex splitting as a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Faisal N. Abu-Khzam , Dipayan Chakraborty , Lucas Isenmann , Nacim Oijid

We study the following variant of the 15 puzzle. Given a graph and two token placements on the vertices, we want to find a walk of the minimum length (if any exists) such that the sequence of token swappings along the walk obtains one of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Hironori Kiya , Yuto Okada , Hirotaka Ono , Yota Otachi

Two independent sets of a graph are adjacent if they differ on exactly one vertex (i.e. we can transform one into the other by adding or deleting a vertex). Let $k$ be an integer. We consider the reconfiguration graph $TAR_k(G)$ on the set…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-06-06 Marthe Bonamy , Nicolas Bousquet

In the Graph Isomorphism problem two N-vertex graphs G and G' are given and the task is to determine whether there exists a permutation of the vertices of G that preserves adjacency and transforms G into G'. If yes, then G and G' are said…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-03 Frank Gaitan , Lane Clark

The pathwidth of a graph is a measure of how path-like the graph is. Given a graph G and an integer k, the problem of finding whether there exist at most k vertices in G whose deletion results in a graph of pathwidth at most one is NP-…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-09-07 Geevarghese Philip , Venkatesh Raman , Yngve Villanger

It is known that a graph isomorphism testing algorithm is polynomially equivalent to a detecting of a graph non-trivial automorphism algorithm. The polynomiality of the latter algorithm, is obtained by consideration of symmetry properties…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aleksandr Golubchik

The starting point of our work is a decade-old open question concerning the subexponential parameterized complexity of \textsc{2-Layer Crossing Minimization}. In this problem, the input is an $n$-vertex graph $G$ whose vertices are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , Tanmay Inamdar , Saket Saurabh , Meirav Zehavi

The graph isomorphism problem is theoretically interesting and also has many practical applications. The best known classical algorithms for graph isomorphism all run in time super-polynomial in the size of the graph in the worst case. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-26 David Rosenbaum

A fundamental theorem of Whitney from 1933 asserts that 2-connected graphs G and H are 2-isomorphic, or equivalently, their cycle matroids are isomorphic, if and only if G can be transformed into H by a series of operations called Whitney…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach

Tracking of moving objects is crucial to security systems and networks. Given a graph $G$, terminal vertices $s$ and $t$, and an integer $k$, the \textsc{Tracking Paths} problem asks whether there exists at most $k$ vertices, which if…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Pratibha Choudhary , Venkatesh Raman