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The machine translation (MT) task is typically formulated as that of returning a single translation for an input segment. However, in many cases, multiple different translations are valid and the appropriate translation may depend on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Maria Nădejde , Anna Currey , Benjamin Hsu , Xing Niu , Marcello Federico , Georgiana Dinu

In recent advancements in audio self-supervised representation learning, the standard Transformer architecture has emerged as the predominant approach, yet its attention mechanism often allocates a portion of attention weights to irrelevant…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Junyu Wang , Tianrui Wang , Meng Ge , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) addresses distribution shifts for streaming test data in unsupervised settings. Currently, most TTA methods can only deal with minor shifts and rely heavily on heuristic and empirical studies. To advance TTA under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shurui Gui , Xiner Li , Shuiwang Ji

Accurate predictive turn-taking models (PTTMs) are essential for naturalistic human-robot interaction. However, little is known about their performance in noise. This study therefore explores PTTM performance in types of noise likely to be…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Sam O'Connor Russell , Naomi Harte

Evaluating audio generation systems, including text-to-music (TTM), text-to-speech (TTS), and text-to-audio (TTA), remains challenging due to the subjective and multi-dimensional nature of human perception. Existing methods treat mean…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Chien-Chun Wang , Kuan-Tang Huang , Cheng-Yeh Yang , Hung-Shin Lee , Hsin-Min Wang , Berlin Chen

The state-of-the-art methods for drum transcription in the presence of melodic instruments (DTM) are machine learning models trained in a supervised manner, which means that they rely on labeled datasets. The problem is that the available…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Mickael Zehren , Marco Alunno , Paolo Bientinesi

We present an automatic piano transcription system that converts polyphonic audio recordings into musical scores. This has been a long-standing problem of music information processing, and recent studies have made remarkable progress in the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Kentaro Shibata , Eita Nakamura , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) often suffer from audio-textual attention imbalance, prioritizing text over acoustic information, particularly in the multi-modal fusion layers of the Transformer architecture. This bias hinders their…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Junyu Wang , Ziyang Ma , Zhengding Luo , Tianrui Wang , Meng Ge , Xiaobao Wang , Longbiao Wang

Machine learning applications on signals such as computer vision or biomedical data often face significant challenges due to the variability that exists across hardware devices or session recordings. This variability poses a Domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Théo Gnassounou , Antoine Collas , Rémi Flamary , Karim Lounici , Alexandre Gramfort

Text attribute transfer aims to automatically rewrite sentences such that they possess certain linguistic attributes, while simultaneously preserving their semantic content. This task remains challenging due to a lack of supervised parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Zhijing Jin , Di Jin , Jonas Mueller , Nicholas Matthews , Enrico Santus

Contrastive learning constitutes an emerging branch of self-supervised learning that leverages large amounts of unlabeled data, by learning a latent space, where pairs of different views of the same sample are associated. In this paper, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-12 Christos Garoufis , Athanasia Zlatintsi , Petros Maragos

Sound source localization (SSL) demonstrates remarkable results in controlled settings but struggles in real-world deployment due to dual imbalance challenges: intra-task imbalance arising from long-tailed direction-of-arrival (DoA)…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zexia Fan , Yu Chen , Qiquan Zhang , Kainan Chen , Xinyuan Qian

This paper describes an automatic drum transcription (ADT) method that directly estimates a tatum-level drum score from a music signal, in contrast to most conventional ADT methods that estimate the frame-level onset probabilities of drums.…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Ryoto Ishizuka , Ryo Nishikimi , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Transformers have emerged as a prominent model framework for audio tagging (AT), boasting state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on the widely-used Audioset dataset. However, their impressive performance often comes at the cost of high memory…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Heinrich Dinkel , Zhiyong Yan , Yongqing Wang , Junbo Zhang , Yujun Wang , Bin Wang

Pitch is a fundamental aspect of auditory perception. Pitch perception is commonly described across two perceptual dimensions: pitch height is the sense that tones with varying frequencies seem to be higher or lower, and chroma equivalence…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lukas Grasse , Matthew S. Tata

Automatic evaluation of ST systems is typically performed by comparing translation hypotheses with one or more reference translations. While effective to some extent, this approach inherits the limitation of reference-based evaluation that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Mauro Cettolo , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Sara Papi , Luisa Bentivogli

Quantitative analysis of commonalities and differences between recorded music performances is an increasingly common task in computational musicology. A typical scenario involves manual annotation of different recordings of the same piece…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Thassilo Gadermaier , Gerhard Widmer

Audio processing methods operating on a time-frequency representation of the signal can introduce unpleasant sounding artifacts known as musical noise. These artifacts are observed in the context of audio coding, speech enhancement, and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-28 Matteo Torcoli

We present a new system for simultaneous estimation of keys, chords, and bass notes from music audio. It makes use of a novel chromagram representation of audio that takes perception of loudness into account. Furthermore, it is fully based…

Sound · Computer Science 2011-07-26 Yizhao Ni , Matt Mcvicar , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Tijl De Bie

Preprint for a book chapter introducing Audio Content Analysis. With a focus on Music Information Retrieval systems, this chapter defines musical audio content, introduces the general process of audio content analysis, and surveys basic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-05 Alexander Lerch