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Large Language Models (LLMs) have unveiled remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating both natural language and code, but LLM reasoning is prone to hallucination and struggle with complex, novel scenarios, often getting stuck…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Pieter Barnard

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has sparked the possibility of about Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), a hypothetical AI system surpassing human intelligence. However, existing alignment paradigms struggle to guide such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 HyunJin Kim , Xiaoyuan Yi , Jing Yao , Jianxun Lian , Muhua Huang , Shitong Duan , JinYeong Bak , Xing Xie

In high-stakes AI-supported decisions, considerations are not purely technical but involve moral judgments about fairness, responsibility, and harm. While prior research has focused mainly on functional or behavioral alignment, this paper…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Christiane Ernst , Luis Gutmann , Domenique Zipperling , Kathrin Figl , Niklas Kühl

We introduce a comprehensive Linguistic Benchmark designed to evaluate the limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in domains such as logical reasoning, spatial intelligence, and linguistic understanding, among others. Through a series…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Sean Williams , James Huckle

With the release of ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) the discussion about the intelligence, possibilities, and risks, of current and future models have seen large attention. This discussion included much debated scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Nils Körber , Silvan Wehrli , Christopher Irrgang

Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at a pace that raises urgent questions about how to align machine decision-making with human moral values. This working paper investigates how leading AI systems prioritize moral outcomes and what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Eoin O'Doherty , Nicole Weinrauch , Andrew Talone , Uri Klempner , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Yi Zeng

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models (LLMs) are already altering student learning. Unlike previous technologies, LLMs can independently solve problems regardless of student understanding, yet are not always…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-04 Eric Gao

As large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents increasingly interact with humans in decision-making contexts, understanding the trust dynamics between humans and AI agents becomes a central concern. While considerable literature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Valeria Lerman , Yaniv Dover

Artificial intelligence is seen as increasingly important, and potentially profoundly so, but the fields of AI ethics and AI engineering have not fully recognized that these technologies, including large language models (LLMs), will have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Sankalpa Ghose , Yip Fai Tse , Kasra Rasaee , Jeff Sebo , Peter Singer

Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining AI systems with human communication and everyday life. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate their emerging abilities. In this study, we show that LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved a milestone that undenia-bly changed many held beliefs in artificial intelligence (AI). However, there remains many limitations of these LLMs when it comes to true language understanding,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Walid S. Saba

Deep neural networks have achieved success across a wide range of applications, including as models of human behavior and neural representations in vision tasks. However, neural network training and human learning differ in fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Lukas Muttenthaler , Klaus Greff , Frieda Born , Bernhard Spitzer , Simon Kornblith , Michael C. Mozer , Klaus-Robert Müller , Thomas Unterthiner , Andrew K. Lampinen

In early developmental contexts, particularly in parent-child interaction analysis, alignment involves families and professionals such as speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who interpret children's everyday interactions from different…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Weiyan Shi , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo

As Large Language Models (LLMs) perform (and sometimes excel at) more and more complex cognitive tasks, a natural question is whether AI really understands. The study of understanding in LLMs is in its infancy, and the community has yet to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mirabel Reid , Santosh S. Vempala

Drawing from the resources of psychoanalysis and critical media studies, in this paper we develop an analysis of Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated subjects. We argue the intentional fictional projection of subjectivity onto LLMs can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Liam Magee , Vanicka Arora , Luke Munn

With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), there is a growing concern that they may pose risks or have negative social impacts. Therefore, evaluation of human values alignment is becoming increasingly important. Previous work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Guohai Xu , Jiayi Liu , Ming Yan , Haotian Xu , Jinghui Si , Zhuoran Zhou , Peng Yi , Xing Gao , Jitao Sang , Rong Zhang , Ji Zhang , Chao Peng , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in high-stakes decision-making -- such as allocating scarce resources like donor organs -- raises critical questions about their alignment with human moral values. We systematically…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 John P. Dickerson , Hadi Hosseini , Samarth Khanna , Leona Pierce

The overarching research direction of this work is the development of a ''Responsible Intelligence'' framework designed to reconcile the immense generative power of Large Language Models (LLMs) with the stringent requirements of real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Somnath Banerjee

One of the major challenges we face with ethical AI today is developing computational systems whose reasoning and behaviour are provably aligned with human values. Human values, however, are notorious for being ambiguous, contradictory and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Nardine Osman , Mark d'Inverno

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit cultural bias from overrepresented viewpoints in training data, yet cultural alignment remains a challenge due to limited cultural knowledge and a lack of exploration into effective learning approaches.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chunhua Liu , Kabir Manandhar Shrestha , Sukai Huang
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