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Mechanistic interpretability aims to reverse engineer neural networks by uncovering which high-level algorithms they implement. Causal abstraction provides a precise notion of when a network implements an algorithm, i.e., a causal model of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Theodora-Mara Pîslar , Sara Magliacane , Atticus Geiger

With the growing pervasiveness of artificial intelligence, the ability to explain the inferences made by machine learning models has become increasingly important. Numerous techniques for model explainability have been proposed, with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Nicola Rossberg , Bennett Kleinberg , Barry O'Sullivan , Luca Longo , Andrea Visentin

In this paper, we investigate the degree of explainability of graph neural networks (GNNs). Existing explainers work by finding global/local subgraphs to explain a prediction, but they are applied after a GNN has already been trained. Here,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Indro Spinelli , Simone Scardapane , Aurelio Uncini

With the continue development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), there is a growing concern regarding representations that they encode internally. Analyzing these internal representations is referred to as model interpretation. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Hamed Behzadi-Khormouji , José Oramas

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrates deeper into diverse sectors, the quest for powerful models has intensified. While significant strides have been made in boosting model capabilities and their applicability across domains, a glaring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Shiyun Wa , Xinai Lu , Minjuan Wang

Neural networks are among the most accurate supervised learning methods in use today. However, their opacity makes them difficult to trust in critical applications, especially when conditions in training may differ from those in practice.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Andrew Slavin Ross

While neural models show remarkable accuracy on individual predictions, their internal beliefs can be inconsistent across examples. In this paper, we formalize such inconsistency as a generalization of prediction error. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Tao Li , Vivek Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Vivek Srikumar

When predictive models are used to support complex and important decisions, the ability to explain a model's reasoning can increase trust, expose hidden biases, and reduce vulnerability to adversarial attacks. However, attempts at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Dimitris Bertsimas , Arthur Delarue , Patrick Jaillet , Sebastien Martin

Prediction accuracy and model explainability are the two most important objectives when developing machine learning algorithms to solve real-world problems. The neural networks are known to possess good prediction performance, but lack of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-04 Zebin Yang , Aijun Zhang , Agus Sudjianto

This work addresses the challenge of providing consistent explanations for predictive models in the presence of model indeterminacy, which arises due to the existence of multiple (nearly) equally well-performing models for a given dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Dan Ley , Leonard Tang , Matthew Nazari , Hongjin Lin , Suraj Srinivas , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Deep learning techniques are rapidly advanced recently, and becoming a necessity component for widespread systems. However, the inference process of deep learning is black-box, and not very suitable to safety-critical systems which must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Hiroshi Kuwajima , Masayuki Tanaka , Masatoshi Okutomi

As the use of deep learning techniques has grown across various fields over the past decade, complaints about the opaqueness of the black-box models have increased, resulting in an increased focus on transparency in deep learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Siwen Luo , Hamish Ivison , Caren Han , Josiah Poon

Recently generating natural language explanations has shown very promising results in not only offering interpretable explanations but also providing additional information and supervision for prediction. However, existing approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Wangchunshu Zhou , Jinyi Hu , Hanlin Zhang , Xiaodan Liang , Maosong Sun , Chenyan Xiong , Jian Tang

Balancing predictive power and interpretability has long been a challenging research area, particularly in powerful yet complex models like neural networks, where nonlinearity obstructs direct interpretation. This paper introduces a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Antoine Ledent , Peng Liu

The predictive power of neural networks often costs model interpretability. Several techniques have been developed for explaining model outputs in terms of input features; however, it is difficult to translate such interpretations into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Benjamin J. Lengerich , Sandeep Konam , Eric P. Xing , Stephanie Rosenthal , Manuela Veloso

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence has become a powerful partner for complex tasks such as data analysis, prediction, and problem-solving, yet its lack of transparency raises concerns about its reliability. In sensitive domains such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jesús Sánchez Ochoa , Enrique Tomás Martínez Beltrán , Alberto Huertas Celdrán

Although deep models achieve high predictive performance, it is difficult for humans to understand the predictions they made. Explainability is important for real-world applications to justify their reliability. Many example-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-08 Tomoharu Iwata , Yuya Yoshikawa

The interpretability of neural networks has recently received extensive attention. Previous prototype-based explainable networks involved prototype activation in both reasoning and interpretation processes, requiring specific explainable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yitao Peng , Yihang Liu , Longzhen Yang , Lianghua He

We develop a unified matrix-spectral framework for analyzing stability and interpretability in deep neural networks. Representing networks as data-dependent products of linear operators reveals spectral quantities governing sensitivity to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ronald Katende

Neural networks predictions are unreliable when the input sample is out of the training distribution or corrupted by noise. Being able to detect such failures automatically is fundamental to integrate deep learning algorithms into robotics.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Antonio Loquercio , Mattia Segù , Davide Scaramuzza