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This paper studies a class of constrained restless multi-armed bandits (CRMAB). The constraints are in the form of time varying set of actions (set of available arms). This variation can be either stochastic or semi-deterministic. Given a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Kesav Kaza , Rahul Meshram , Varun Mehta , S. N. Merchant

Active learning aims to reduce annotation cost by predicting which samples are useful for a human teacher to label. However it has become clear there is no best active learning algorithm. Inspired by various philosophies about what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-19 Kunkun Pang , Mingzhi Dong , Yang Wu , Timothy M. Hospedales

Multi-armed bandits (MAB) provide a principled online learning approach to attain the balance between exploration and exploitation. Due to the superior performance and low feedback learning without the learning to act in multiple…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Shenghao Xu

Contextual bandits are widely-used in the study of learning-based control policies for finite action spaces. While the problem is well-studied for bandits with perfectly observed context vectors, little is known about the case of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-03 Hongju Park , Mohamad Kazem Shirani Faradonbeh

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) play a central role in modeling sequential decision making problems under an instantaneous activation constraint that at most B arms can be activated at any decision epoch. Each restless arm is endowed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Guojun Xiong , Jian Li

Multi-arm bandits are gaining popularity as they enable real-world sequential decision-making across application areas, including clinical trials, recommender systems, and online decision-making. Consequently, there is an increased desire…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-01 Dae Woong Ham , Iavor Bojinov , Michael Lindon , Martin Tingley

We investigate the application of active inference in developing energy-efficient control agents for manufacturing systems. Active inference, rooted in neuroscience, provides a unified probabilistic framework integrating perception,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yavar Taheri Yeganeh , Mohsen Jafari , Andrea Matta

We consider a rate-constrained contextual multi-armed bandit (RC-CMAB) problem, in which a group of agents are solving the same contextual multi-armed bandit (CMAB) problem. However, the contexts are observed by a remotely connected entity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Francesco Pase , Deniz Gündüz , Michele Zorzi

The classical multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem involves a learner and a collection of K independent arms, each with its own ex ante unknown independent reward distribution. At each one of a finite number of rounds, the learner selects one…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-07 Hongda Hu , Arthur Charpentier , Mario Ghossoub , Alexander Schied

Active Inference is an emerging framework providing a quantitative account of behavioral processes in neuroscience and a principled approach to decision-making under uncertainty. Its application to agency problems is natural, offering an…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Francesco Maria Mancinelli , Matteo Torzoni , Domenico Maisto , Francesco Donnarumma , Alberto Corigliano , Giovanni Pezzulo , Andrea Manzoni

A key goal in stochastic contextual linear bandits is to efficiently learn a near-optimal policy. Prior algorithms for this problem learn a policy by strategically sampling actions but naively (passively) sampling contexts from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Emma Brunskill , Ishani Karmarkar , Zhaoqi Li

It is challenging but important to save annotation efforts in streaming data acquisition to maintain data quality for supervised learning base learners. We propose an ensemble active learning method to actively acquire samples for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yingyan Zeng , Xiaoyu Chen , Ran Jin

Human activity recognition based on mobile device sensor data has been an active research area in mobile and pervasive computing for several years. While the majority of the proposed techniques are based on supervised learning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Gabriele Civitarese , Riccardo Presotto , Claudio Bettini

Online recommendation/advertising is ubiquitous in web business. Image displaying is considered as one of the most commonly used formats to interact with customers. Contextual multi-armed bandit has shown success in the application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Yikun Ban , Jingrui He

We study reward poisoning attacks on Combinatorial Multi-armed Bandits (CMAB). We first provide a sufficient and necessary condition for the attackability of CMAB, a notion to capture the vulnerability and robustness of CMAB. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Rishab Balasubramanian , Jiawei Li , Prasad Tadepalli , Huazheng Wang , Qingyun Wu , Haoyu Zhao

Sequential decision-making algorithms such as multi-armed bandits can find optimal personalized decisions, but are notoriously sample-hungry. In personalized medicine, for example, training a bandit from scratch for every patient is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ahmet Zahid Balcıoğlu , Newton Mwai , Emil Carlsson , Fredrik D. Johansson

Understanding which parts of the retrieved context contribute to a large language model's generated answer is essential for building interpretable and trustworthy retrieval-augmented generation. We propose a novel framework that formulates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Deng Pan , Keerthiram Murugesan , Ting Hua , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of collaborative bandit algorithms and provides a thorough comparison of their performance. Collaborative bandits aim to improve the performance of contextual bandits by introducing relationships…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Eren Ozbay , Ashkan Golgoon

We present an online tutoring system that learns to provide effective feedback to students after they answer questions incorrectly. Using data from one million students, the system learns which assistance action (e.g., one of multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Robin Schmucker , Nimish Pachapurkar , Shanmuga Bala , Miral Shah , Tom Mitchell

In recent years, the integration of communication and control systems has gained significant traction in various domains, ranging from autonomous vehicles to industrial automation and beyond. Multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms have proven…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-16 Hiba Dakdouk , Mohamed Sana , Mattia Merluzzi