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Many quantum computers have constraints regarding which two-qubit operations are locally allowed. To run a quantum circuit under those constraints, qubits need to be mapped to different quantum registers, and multi-qubit gates need to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Sarah Meng Li

In order to demonstrate non-trivial quantum computations experimentally, such as the synthesis of arbitrary entangled states, it will be useful to understand how to decompose a desired quantum computation into the shortest possible sequence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Farrokh Vatan , Colin Williams

We perform optimal-control-theory calculations to determine the minimum number of two-qubit CNOT gates needed to perform quantum state preparation and unitary operator synthesis for few-qubit systems. By considering all possible gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Sahel Ashhab , Naoki Yamamoto , Fumiki Yoshihara , Kouichi Semba

CNOT gates are fundamental to quantum computing, as they facilitate entanglement, a crucial resource for quantum algorithms. Certain classes of quantum circuits are constructed exclusively from CNOT gates. Given their widespread use, it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Riccardo Romanello , Daniele Lizzio Bosco , Jacopo Cossio , Dusan Sutulovic , Giuseppe Serra , Carla Piazza , Paolo Burelli

NISQ devices have inherent limitations in terms of connectivity and hardware noise. The synthesis of CNOT circuits considers the physical constraints and transforms quantum algorithms into low-level quantum circuits that can execute on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Xinyu Chen , Mingqiang Zhu , Xueyun Cheng , Zhijin Guan , Shiguang Feng , Pengcheng Zhu

We provide a simple framework for the synthesis of quantum circuits based on a numerical optimization algorithm. This algorithm is used in the context of the trapped-ions technology. We derive theoretical lower bounds for the number of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Timothée Goubault de Brugière , Marc Baboulin , Benoît Valiron , Cyril Allouche

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ), executing quantum algorithms on actual quantum devices faces unique challenges. One such challenge is that quantum devices in this era have restricted connectivity: quantum gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-16 Yao Tang

We study the problem of CNOT-optimal quantum circuit synthesis over gate sets consisting of CNOT and Z-basis rotations of arbitrary angles. We show that the circuit-polynomial correspondence relates such circuits to Fourier expansions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-29 Matthew Amy , Parsiad Azimzadeh , Michele Mosca

We present an algorithm for compiling arbitrary unitaries into a sequence of gates native to a quantum processor. As accurate CNOT gates are hard for the foreseeable Noisy- Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices era, our A* inspired algorithm…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Marc Grau Davis , Ethan Smith , Ana Tudor , Koushik Sen , Irfan Siddiqi , Costin Iancu

In this paper, reversible circuits consisting of NOT, CNOT and 2-CNOT gates are studied. Several asymptotically optimal by the order of magnitude synthesis methods are described. Some circuit's complexity reduction approaches are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Dmitry V. Zakablukov

The work proposes an extension of the quantum circuit formalism where qubits (wires) are circular instead of linear. The left-to-right interpretation of a quantum circuit is replaced by a circular representation which allows to select the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-12 Alexandru Paler

In this paper, the problem of constructing an efficient quantum circuit for the implementation of an arbitrary quantum computation is addressed. To this end, a basic block based on the cosine-sine decomposition method is suggested which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-04 Mehdi Saeedi , Mona Arabzadeh , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

In this note we present explicit canonical forms for all the elements in the two-qubit CNOT-Dihedral group, with minimal numbers of controlled-S (CS) and controlled-X (CX) gates, using the generating set of quantum gates [X, T, CX, CS]. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-10 Shelly Garion , Andrew W. Cross

Current experimental quantum computing devices are limited by noise, mainly originating from entangling gates. If an efficient gate sequence for an operation is unknown, one often employs layered parameterized quantum circuits, especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Tom R. Rieckmann , Stefan Scheel , A. Douglas K. Plato

Quantum circuits are time dependent diagrams describing the process of quantum computation. Usually, a quantum algorithm must be mapped into a quantum circuit. Optimal synthesis of quantum circuits is intractable and heuristic methods must…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-27 D. Maslov , G. W. Dueck , D. M. Miller , C. Negrevergne

We introduce a new scheme for quantum circuit design called controlled gate networks. Rather than trying to reduce the complexity of individual unitary operations, the new strategy is to toggle between all of the unitary operations needed…

We show the applicability of the Cartan decomposition of Lie algebras to quantum circuits. This approach can be used to synthesize circuits that can efficiently implement any desired unitary operation. Our method finds explicit quantum…

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

Clifford circuit optimization is an important step in the quantum compilation pipeline. Major compilers employ heuristic approaches. While they are fast, their results are often suboptimal. Minimization of noisy gates, like 2-qubit CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol

A limited number of qubits, high error rates, and limited qubit connectivity are major challenges for effective near-term quantum computations. Quantum circuit partitioning divides a quantum computation into a set of computations that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Sebastian Brandhofer , Ilia Polian , Kevin Krsulich