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Text-to-image generative models are a new and powerful way to generate visual artwork. However, the open-ended nature of text as interaction is double-edged; while users can input anything and have access to an infinite range of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Vivian Liu , Lydia B. Chilton

Recent advances in Machine-Learning have led to the development of models that generate images based on a text description.Such large prompt-based text to image models (TTIs), trained on a considerable amount of data, allow the creation of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Chinmay Kulkarni , Stefania Druga , Minsuk Chang , Alex Fiannaca , Carrie Cai , Michael Terry

Generative AI has enabled novice designers to quickly create professional-looking visual representations for product concepts. However, novices have limited domain knowledge that could constrain their ability to write prompts that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Sirui Tao , Ivan Liang , Cindy Peng , Zhiqing Wang , Srishti Palani , Steven P. Dow

Generative AI for the creation of images is becoming a staple in the toolkit of digital artists and visual designers. The interaction with these systems is mediated by \emph{prompting}, a process in which users write a short text to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Maddalena Torricelli , Mauro Martino , Andrea Baronchelli , Luca Maria Aiello

Recent developments in large language models (LLM) and generative AI have unleashed the astonishing capabilities of text-to-image generation systems to synthesize high-quality images that are faithful to a given reference text, known as a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Yutong Xie , Zhaoying Pan , Jinge Ma , Luo Jie , Qiaozhu Mei

Text-to-image generation models have grown in popularity due to their ability to produce high-quality images from a text prompt. One use for this technology is to enable the creation of more accessible art creation software. In this paper,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Atieh Taheri , Mohammad Izadi , Gururaj Shriram , Negar Rostamzadeh , Shaun Kane

Creativity is a valuable human skill that has long been augmented through both analog and digital tools. Recent progress in generative AI, such as image generation, provides a disruptive technological solution to supporting human creativity…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Daniel Hove Paludan , Julie Fredsgård , Kasper Patrick Bährentz , Ilhan Aslan , Niels van Berkel

Prompt engineering is still the primary way for users of generative text-to-image models to manipulate generated images in a targeted way. Based on treating the model as a continuous function and by passing gradients between the image space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Niklas Deckers , Julia Peters , Martin Potthast

Generative AI (GenAI) tools are increasingly integrated into design workflows. While text prompts remain the primary input method for GenAI image tools, designers often struggle to craft effective ones. Moreover, research has primarily…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Hyerim Park , Malin Eiband , Andre Luckow , Michael Sedlmair

Generative AI (GenAI) image tools are increasingly used in design practice, enabling rapid ideation but offering limited support for refinement tasks such as adjusting layout, scale, or visual attributes. While text prompts and inpainting…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Hyerim Park , Phuong Thao Tran , Andre Luckow , Ceenu George , Michael Sedlmair , Malin Eiband

Generative text-to-image models have gained great popularity among the public for their powerful capability to generate high-quality images based on natural language prompts. However, developing effective prompts for desired images can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yingchaojie Feng , Xingbo Wang , Kam Kwai Wong , Sijia Wang , Yuhong Lu , Minfeng Zhu , Baicheng Wang , Wei Chen

Text-to-image generative models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating high-quality images based on textual prompts. However, crafting prompts that accurately capture the user's creative intent remains challenging. It often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Stephen Brade , Bryan Wang , Mauricio Sousa , Sageev Oore , Tovi Grossman

Synthesis of digital artifacts conditioned on user prompts has become an important paradigm facilitating an explosion of use cases with generative AI. However, such models often fail to connect the generated outputs and desired target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Melvin Wong , Yew-Soon Ong , Abhishek Gupta , Kavitesh K. Bali , Caishun Chen

Text-to-image generation models have seen considerable advancement, catering to the increasing interest in personalized image creation. Current customization techniques often necessitate users to provide multiple images (typically 3-5) for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Linhao Zhong , Yan Hong , Wentao Chen , Binglin Zhou , Yiyi Zhang , Jianfu Zhang , Liqing Zhang

Text-to-image generation models are powerful but difficult to use. Users craft specific prompts to get better images, though the images can be repetitive. This paper proposes a Prompt Expansion framework that helps users generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Siddhartha Datta , Alexander Ku , Deepak Ramachandran , Peter Anderson

Text-to-3D generative AI systems create navigable environments from natural language prompts, but unlike text-to-image generation, evaluation requires embodied exploration of spatial coherence, scale, and navigability. We present the first…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aung Pyae

The recent advancements in Generative AI have significantly advanced the field of text-to-image generation. The state-of-the-art text-to-image model, Stable Diffusion, is now capable of synthesizing high-quality images with a strong sense…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Zhijie Wang , Yuheng Huang , Da Song , Lei Ma , Tianyi Zhang

Deep generative models have the potential to fundamentally change the way we create high-fidelity digital content but are often hard to control. Prompting a generative model is a promising recent development that in principle enables…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Hai Dang , Lukas Mecke , Florian Lehmann , Sven Goller , Daniel Buschek

Broad exploration of references is critical in the visual design process. While text-to-image (T2I) models offer efficiency and customization of exploration, they often limit support for divergence in exploration. We conducted a formative…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-04 DaEun Choi , Kihoon Son , Hyunjoon Jung , Juho Kim

Generative AI models are increasingly being integrated into human task workflows, enabling the production of expressive content across a wide range of contexts. Unlike traditional human-AI design methods, the new approach to designing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hari Subramonyam , Divy Thakkar , Andrew Ku , Jürgen Dieber , Anoop Sinha
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