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The concept of `proximity-based cities' has gained attention as a new urban organizational model. Most prominently, the 15-minute city contends that cities can function more effectively, equitably and sustainably if essential, everyday…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-11-20 Dan Hill , Matteo Bruno , Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo , Yuichiro Takeuchi , Vittorio Loreto

The `15-minute city' has emerged as a central paradigm in urban planning, promoting universal access to work and essential services within short travel times. Its feasibility-particularly for commuting to work-has however rarely been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-17 Marc Barthelemy

As cities expand, human mobility has become a central focus of urban planning and policy making to make cities more inclusive and sustainable. Initiatives such as the "15-minutes city" have been put in place to shift the attention from…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Eduardo Graells-Garrido , Feliu Serra-Burriel , Francisco Rowe , Fernando M. Cucchietti , Patricio Reyes

The 15-minute city is a powerful planning concept to counter car-dependence by promoting active mobility to amenities and fostering inclusive urban environments. However, this policy has challenges in amenity-poor urban peripheries. Public…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-02 Zsófia Zádor , Gergő Pintér , Máté Mizsák , Bence Kovács , Imre Felde , Balázs Lengyel

The 15-minute city concept, which advocates for cities where essential services are accessible within a 15-minute walk or bike ride, has gained significant attention in recent years. However, despite being celebrated for promoting…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-29 Francesco Marzolla , Matteo Bruno , Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo , Vittorio Loreto

Enhanced efforts in the transportation sector should be implemented to mitigate the adverse effects of CO2 emissions resulting from zoning-based planning paradigms. The innovative concept of the 15-minute city, with a focus on…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-24 Tanhua Jin , Kailai Wang , Yanan Xin , Jian Shi , Ye Hong , Frank Witlox

The concept of quality of life in urban settings is increasingly associated to the accessibility of amenities within a short walking distance for residents. However, this narrative still requires thorough empirical investigation to evaluate…

General Economics · Economics 2025-04-18 Leonardo Boncinelli , Stefania Miricola , Eugenio Vicario

In the transition towards sustainability and equity, proximity-centred planning has been adopted in cities worldwide. Exemplified by the 15-Minute City (15mC), this emerging planning paradigm assumes that proximate amenity translates into…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-01 Xiuning Zhang , Alexei Poliakov , Henrikki Tenkanen , Elsa Arcaute

In the last decades, the acceleration of urban growth has led to an unprecedented level of urban interactions and interdependence. This situation calls for a significant effort among the scientific community to come up with engaging and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-09-09 Indaco Biazzo , Bernardo Monechi , Vittorio Loreto

In the quest for more environmentally sustainable urban areas, the concept of the 15-minute city has been proposed to encourage active mobility, primarily through walking and cycling. An urban area is considered a ``15-minute city" if every…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-29 Francesco Marzolla , Matteo Bruno , Hygor P. M. Melo , Vittorio Loreto

Disparity in spatial accessibility is strongly associated with growing inequalities among urban communities. Since improving levels of accessibility for certain communities can provide them with upward social mobility and address social…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-03-28 Leonardo Nicoletti , Mikhail Sirenko , Trivik Verma

The notion of the $x$-minute city is again popular in urban planning, but the practical implications of developing walkable neighborhoods have not been rigorously explored. What is the scale of the challenge that cities needing to retrofit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Drew Horton , Tom Logan , Daphne Skipper , Emily Speakman

Accessibility is essential for designing inclusive urban systems. However, the attempt to capture the complexity of accessibility in a single universal metric has often limited its effective use in design, measurement, and governance across…

Transportation systems can be conceptualized as an instrument of spreading people and resources over the territory, playing an important role in developing sustainable cities. The current rationale of transport provision is based on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-05 J. Siqueira-Gay , M. A. Giannotti , M. Sester

The era of the automobile has seriously degraded the quality of urban life through costly travel and visible environmental effects. A new urban planning paradigm must be at the heart of our roadmap for the years to come. The one where,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-20 Yanyan Xu , Luis E. Olmos , Sofiane Abbar , Marta C. Gonzalez

The "15-minute city" envisions neighborhoods where residents can meet daily needs via a short walk or bike ride. Realizing this vision requires not only physical proximity but also efficient and reliable access to information about nearby…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Luyao Niu , Zhicheng Deng , Boyang Li , Nuoxian Huang , Ruiqi Liu , Wenjia Zhang

Many cities promote walkability through concepts such as the compact city and 15-minute city to enhance urban livability, yet few methods link spatial walkability features to empirically measured livability and account for temporal…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-22 Tianqi Wang , Teemu Jama , Henrikki Tenkanen

Pedestrian accessibility is an important factor in urban transport and land use policy and critical for creating healthy, sustainable cities. Developing and evaluating indicators measuring inequalities in pedestrian accessibility can help…

The spatial configuration of urban amenities and the streets connecting them collectively provide the structural backbone of a city, influencing its accessibility, vitality, and ultimately the well-being of its residents. Most accessibility…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-11-03 Bibandhan Poudyal , Gourab Ghoshal , Alec Kirkley

Locational measures of accessibility are widely used in urban and transportation planning to understand the impact of the transportation system on influencing people's access to places. However, there is a considerable lack of measurement…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-04-09 Rajat Verma , Mithun Debnath , Shagun Mittal , Satish V. Ukkusuri
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