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Neural networks are generally built by interleaving (adaptable) linear layers with (fixed) nonlinear activation functions. To increase their flexibility, several authors have proposed methods for adapting the activation functions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-27 Simone Scardapane , Steven Van Vaerenbergh , Simone Totaro , Aurelio Uncini

Deep learning training training algorithms are a huge success in recent years in many fields including speech, text,image video etc. Deeper and deeper layers are proposed with huge success with resnet structures having around 152 layers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Chinmay Rane , Kanishka Tyagi , Michael Manry

The Rectified Power Unit (RePU) activation function, a differentiable generalization of the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), has shown promise in constructing neural networks due to its smoothness properties. However, deep RePU networks often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taeyoung Kim , Myungjoo Kang

Deep neural networks have recently achieved state-of-the-art results in many machine learning problems, e.g., speech recognition or object recognition. Hitherto, work on rectified linear units (ReLU) provides empirical and theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Jakub Mikolaj Tomczak

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have garnered significant attention in various fields of science and technology in recent years. Activation functions define how neurons in DNNs process incoming signals for them. They are essential for learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Jianfei Li , Han Feng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

We propose ReDense as a simple and low complexity way to improve the performance of trained neural networks. We use a combination of random weights and rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function to add a ReLU dense (ReDense) layer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Alireza M. Javid , Sandipan Das , Mikael Skoglund , Saikat Chatterjee

We introduce a variational framework to learn the activation functions of deep neural networks. Our aim is to increase the capacity of the network while controlling an upper-bound of the actual Lipschitz constant of the input-output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Shayan Aziznejad , Harshit Gupta , Joaquim Campos , Michael Unser

Motivated by the growing theoretical understanding of neural networks that employ the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) as their activation function, we revisit the use of ReLU activation functions for learning implicit neural representations…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-05 Joseph Shenouda , Yamin Zhou , Robert D. Nowak

Even in recent neural network architectures such as Transformers and Extended LSTM (xLSTM), and traditional ones like Convolutional Neural Networks, Activation Functions are an integral part of nearly all neural networks. They enable more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Matias Roodschild , Jorge Gotay-Sardiñas , Victor A. Jimenez , Adrian Will

Previous works proved that the combination of the linear neuron network with nonlinear activation functions (e.g. ReLu) can achieve nonlinear function approximation. However, simply widening or deepening the network structure will introduce…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Zirui Xu , Jinjun Xiong , Fuxun Yu , Xiang Chen

Activation function is a pivotal component of deep learning, facilitating the extraction of intricate data patterns. While classical activation functions like ReLU and its variants are extensively utilized, their static nature and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Barathi Subramanian , Rathinaraja Jeyaraj , Rakhmonov Akhrorjon Akhmadjon Ugli

Rectified linear unit (ReLU) is a widely used activation function for deep convolutional neural networks. However, because of the zero-hard rectification, ReLU networks miss the benefits from negative values. In this paper, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Suo Qiu , Xiangmin Xu , Bolun Cai

This study explores novel activation functions that enhance the ability of neural networks to manipulate data topology during training. Building on the limitations of traditional activation functions like $\mathrm{ReLU}$, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Pavel Snopov , Oleg R. Musin

ReLU, a commonly used activation function in deep neural networks, is prone to the issue of "Dying ReLU". Several enhanced versions, such as ELU, SeLU, and Swish, have been introduced and are considered to be less commonly utilized.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Jamshaid Ul Rahman , Rubiqa Zulfiqar , Asad Khan , Nimra

Today, the dominant paradigm for training neural networks involves minimizing task loss on a large dataset. Using world knowledge to inform a model, and yet retain the ability to perform end-to-end training remains an open question. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Tao Li , Vivek Srikumar

In the architecture of deep learning models, inspired by biological neurons, activation functions (AFs) play a pivotal role. They significantly influence the performance of artificial neural networks. By modulating the non-linear properties…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 M. M. Hammad

The expressive power of artificial neural networks crucially depends on the nonlinearity of their activation functions. Though a wide variety of nonlinear activation functions have been proposed for use in artificial neural networks, a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-02-24 Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth , Cengiz Pehlevan

Neural architectures tend to fit their data with relatively simple functions. This "simplicity bias" is widely regarded as key to their success. This paper explores the limits of this principle. Building on recent findings that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Damien Teney , Liangze Jiang , Florin Gogianu , Ehsan Abbasnejad

Neural networks are a powerful class of functions that can be trained with simple gradient descent to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a variety of applications. Despite their practical success, there is a paucity of results that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-06 Bo Xie , Yingyu Liang , Le Song

We propose two new criteria to understand the advantage of deepening neural networks. It is important to know the expressivity of functions computable by deep neural networks in order to understand the advantage of deepening neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Yasushi Esaki , Yuta Nakahara , Toshiyasu Matsushima
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