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Human-robot collaboration in industrial settings requires precise and reliable communication to enhance operational efficiency. While Large Language Models (LLMs) understand general language, they often lack the domain-specific rigidity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xinyun Huo , Raghav Gnanasambandam , Xinyao Zhang

We present HumorBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate large language models' (LLMs) ability to reason about and explain sophisticated humor in cartoon captions. As reasoning models increasingly saturate existing benchmarks in mathematics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Reuben Narad , Siddharth Suresh , Jiayi Chen , Pine S. L. Dysart-Bricken , Bob Mankoff , Robert Nowak , Jifan Zhang , Lalit Jain

We introduce HTLM, a hyper-text language model trained on a large-scale web crawl. Modeling hyper-text has a number of advantages: (1) it is easily gathered at scale, (2) it provides rich document-level and end-task-adjacent supervision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Armen Aghajanyan , Dmytro Okhonko , Mike Lewis , Mandar Joshi , Hu Xu , Gargi Ghosh , Luke Zettlemoyer

Researchers have explored different ways to improve large language models (LLMs)' capabilities via dummy token insertion in contexts. However, existing works focus solely on the dummy tokens themselves, but fail to leverage the inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhichen Liu , Yongyuan Li , Yang Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at in-context learning, the ability to use information provided as context to improve prediction of future tokens. Induction heads have been argued to play a crucial role for in-context learning in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Tankred Saanum , Can Demircan , Samuel J. Gershman , Eric Schulz

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive natural language understanding capabilities across various text-based tasks, understanding humor has remained a persistent challenge. Humor is frequently multimodal, relying on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ashwin Baluja

This study explores the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to evaluate causality in causal graphs generated by conventional statistical causal discovery methods-a task traditionally reliant on manual assessment by human subject…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Yuni Susanti , Nina Holsmoelle

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, reasoning, and problem-solving across various domains. However, their ability to perform complex, multi-step reasoning task-essential…

Are Large language models (LLMs) temporally grounded? Since LLMs cannot perceive and interact with the environment, it is impossible to answer this question directly. Instead, we provide LLMs with textual narratives and probe them with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yifu Qiu , Zheng Zhao , Yftah Ziser , Anna Korhonen , Edoardo M. Ponti , Shay B. Cohen

This paper proposes CES, a task to evaluate the abilities of LLMs in simulating program execution and using that reasoning in programming tasks. Besides measuring the correctness of variable predictions during execution simulation, CES…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Changshu Liu , Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Recently, researchers have made considerable improvements in dialogue systems with the progress of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4. These LLM-based chatbots encode the potential biases while retaining disparities that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Hsuan Su , Cheng-Chu Cheng , Hua Farn , Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Latent reasoning models (LRMs) have attracted significant research interest due to their low inference cost (relative to explicit reasoning models) and theoretical ability to explore multiple reasoning paths in parallel. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Connor Dilgren , Sarah Wiegreffe

Language models excel at following instructions but often struggle with the collaborative aspects of conversation that humans naturally employ. This limitation in grounding -- the process by which conversation participants establish mutual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Omar Shaikh , Hussein Mozannar , Gagan Bansal , Adam Fourney , Eric Horvitz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as dominant foundational models in modern NLP. However, the understanding of their prediction processes and internal mechanisms, such as feed-forward networks (FFN) and multi-head self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xintong Wang , Xiaoyu Li , Xingshan Li , Chris Biemann

Recent success of pre-trained language models (LMs) has spurred widespread interest in the language capabilities that they possess. However, efforts to understand whether LM representations are useful for symbolic reasoning tasks have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Alon Talmor , Yanai Elazar , Yoav Goldberg , Jonathan Berant

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling complex dialogue tasks without requiring use case-specific fine-tuning. However, analyzing live dialogues in real-time necessitates low-latency processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xuanqing Liu , Luyang Kong , Wei Niu , Afshin Khashei , Belinda Zeng , Steve Johnson , Jon Jay , Davor Golac , Matt Pope

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to generate natural language explanations (NLE) that are adapted to different users' situations. However, there is yet to be a quantitative evaluation of the extent of such adaptation. To bridge this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Pengshuo Qiu , Frank Rudzicz , Zining Zhu

Language models (LMs) have achieved notable success in numerous NLP tasks, employing both fine-tuning and in-context learning (ICL) methods. While language models demonstrate exceptional performance, they face robustness challenges due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yuhang Zhou , Paiheng Xu , Xiaoyu Liu , Bang An , Wei Ai , Furong Huang

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mimic human cognition in various language-based tasks. However, their capacity for metacognition - particularly in predicting memory performance - remains unexplored. Here, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Markus Huff , Elanur Ulakçı

Large language models (LLMs) require alignment to effectively and safely follow user instructions. This process necessitates training an aligned version for every base model, resulting in significant computational overhead. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yu Fei , Yasaman Razeghi , Sameer Singh