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We introduce the flag decomposition as a central tool for unitary synthesis. It lets us carve out a diagonal unitary with $2^n$ degrees of freedom in such a way that the remaining flag circuit is parametrized by the optimal number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Korbinian Kottmann , David Wierichs , Guillermo Alonso-Linaje , Nathan Killoran

We present an explicit numerical method to obtain the Cartan-Khaneja-Glaser decomposition of a general element G of SU(2^N) in terms of its `Cartan' and `non-Cartan' components. This effectively factors G in terms of group elements that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-30 Henrique N. Sá Earp , Jiannis K. Pachos

Uhlenbeck proved that a set of simple elements generates the group of rational loops in GL(n,C) that satisfy the U(n)-reality condition. For an arbitrary complex reductive group, a choice of representation defines a notion of rationality…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2008-03-04 Neil Donaldson , Daniel Fox , Oliver Goertsches

We present the Julia package PauliStrings ( https://github.com/nicolasloizeau/PauliStrings.jl ) for quantum many-body simulations, which performs fast operations on the Pauli group by encoding Pauli strings in binary. All of the Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Nicolas Loizeau , J. Clayton Peacock , Dries Sels

We introduce a symmetry-adapted framework for simulating quantum dynamics based on Pauli propagation. When a quantum circuit possesses a symmetry, many Pauli strings evolve redundantly under actions of the symmetry group. We exploit this by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Yanting Teng , Su Yeon Chang , Manuel S. Rudolph , Zoë Holmes

It is well known that every finite simple group can be generated by two elements and this leads to a wide range of problems that have been the focus of intensive research in recent years. In this survey article we discuss some of the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Timothy C. Burness

A cofactor representation of an ideal element, that is, a representation in terms of the generators, can be considered as a certificate for ideal membership. Such a representation is typically not unique, and some can be a lot more…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Clemens Hofstadler , Thibaut Verron

Any unitary operation in quantum information processing can be implemented via a sequence of simpler steps - quantum gates. However, actual implementation of a quantum gate is always imperfect and takes a finite time. Therefore, seeking for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Michal Sedlak , Martin Plesch

Quantum pseudorandomness, also known as unitary designs, comprise a powerful resource for quantum computation and quantum engineering. While it is known in theory that pseudorandom unitary operators can be constructed efficiently, realizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Jun Li , Zhihuang Luo , Tao Xin , Hengyan Wang , David Kribs , Dawei Lu , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme

This note aims at finding explicit and efficient generation of ideals in subalgebras $R$ of the polynomial ring $S=k[t]$ ($k$ a field) such that $t^{c_0}S \subseteq R$ for some integer $c_0 > 0$. The class of these subalgebras which we call…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2019-04-29 Naoki Endo , Shiro Goto , Naoyuki Matsuoka , Yuki Yamamoto

We give an efficient randomized algorithm for approximating an arbitrary element of $SU(2)$ by a product of Clifford+$T$ operators, up to any given error threshold $\epsilon>0$. Under a mild hypothesis on the distribution of primes, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Peter Selinger

A classical theorem of Baranyai states that, given integers $2\leq k < n$ such that $k$ divides $n$, one can find a family of ${n-1\choose k-1}$ partitions of $[n]$ into $k$-element subsets such that every subset appears in exactly one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-14 Zoe Xi

We develop new approximate compilation schemes that significantly reduce the expense of compiling the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) for solving the Max-Cut problem. Our main focus is on compilation with trapped-ion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Jai Moondra , Philip C. Lotshaw , Greg Mohler , Swati Gupta

Obtaining the expectation value of an observable on a quantum computer is a crucial step in the variational quantum algorithms. For complicated observables such as molecular electronic Hamiltonians, a common strategy is to present the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Tzu-Ching Yen , Aadithya Ganeshram , Artur F. Izmaylov

Given a subset of size $k$ of a very large universe a randomized way to find this subset could consist of deleting half of the universe and then searching the remaining part. With a probability of $2^{-k}$ one will succeed. By probability…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Elisabet Burjons , Peter Rossmanith

Quantum state tomography is a fundamental problem in quantum computing. Given $n$ copies of an unknown $N$-qubit state $\rho \in \mathbb{C}^{d \times d},d=2^N$, the goal is to learn the state up to an accuracy $\epsilon$ in trace distance,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Jayadev Acharya , Abhilash Dharmavarapu , Yuhan Liu , Nengkun Yu

We present a general derivation of semi-fermionic representation for generators of SU(N) group as a bilinear combination of Fermi operators. The constraints are fulfilled by means of imaginary Lagrange multipliers. The important case of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2007-05-23 M. N. Kiselev

We demonstrate how structured decompositions of unitary operators can be employed to derive control schemes for finite-level quantum systems that require only sequences of simple control pulses such as square wave pulses with finite rise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. G. Schirmer , A. D. Greentree , V. Ramakrishna , H. Rabitz

We investigate numerical semigroups generated by any quadratic sequence with initial term zero and an infinite number of terms. We find an efficient algorithm for calculating the Ap\'ery set, as well as bounds on the elements of the Ap\'ery…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-07 Mara Hashuga , Megan Herbine , Alathea Jensen

The partition number $\pi(K)$ of a simplicial complex $K\subset 2^{[n]}$ is the minimum integer $\nu$ such that for each partition $A_1\uplus\ldots\uplus A_\nu = [n]$ of $[n]$ at least one of the sets $A_i$ is in $K$. A complex $K$ is…