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Language models (LMs) trained on vast quantities of unlabelled data have greatly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP). In this study, we re-visit the widely accepted notion in NLP that continued pre-training LMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Zhengxiang Shi , Aldo Lipani

The growing disparity between the exponential scaling of computational resources and the finite growth of high-quality text data now constrains conventional scaling approaches for large language models (LLMs). To address this challenge, we…

In recent years, graph prompting has emerged as a promising research direction, enabling the learning of additional tokens or subgraphs appended to the original graphs without requiring retraining of pre-trained graph models across various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Qunzhong Wang , Xiangguo Sun , Hong Cheng

Finding appropriate prompts for the specific task has become an important issue as the usage of Large Language Models (LLM) has expanded. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is widely used for prompt tuning, but its inherent instability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Minchan Kwon , Gaeun Kim , Jongsuk Kim , Haeil Lee , Junmo Kim

The "pre-train, prompt-tuning'' paradigm has demonstrated impressive performance for tuning pre-trained heterogeneous graph neural networks (HGNNs) by mitigating the gap between pre-trained models and downstream tasks. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yujie Mo , Runpeng Yu , Xiaofeng Zhu , Xinchao Wang

This paper is an extended abstract of our original work published in KDD23, where we won the best research paper award (Xiangguo Sun, Hong Cheng, Jia Li, Bo Liu, and Jihong Guan. All in one: Multi-task prompting for graph neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xiangguo Sun , Hong Cheng , Jia Li , Bo Liu , Jihong Guan

Despite recent progress, reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning of diffusion models often struggles with generalization, composability, and robustness against reward hacking. Recent studies have explored prompt refinement as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Suhyeon Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Recent research has demonstrated the efficacy of pre-training graph neural networks (GNNs) to capture the transferable graph semantics and enhance the performance of various downstream tasks. However, the semantic knowledge learned from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Mouxiang Chen , Zemin Liu , Chenghao Liu , Jundong Li , Qiheng Mao , Jianling Sun

GNN-based recommenders have excelled in modeling intricate user-item interactions through multi-hop message passing. However, existing methods often overlook the dynamic nature of evolving user-item interactions, which impedes the adaption…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuhao Yang , Lianghao Xia , Da Luo , Kangyi Lin , Chao Huang

The ``pre-train, prompt" paradigm, designed to bridge the gap between pre-training tasks and downstream objectives, has been extended from the NLP domain to the graph domain and has achieved remarkable progress. Current mainstream graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ziyu Zheng , Yaming Yang , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao , Xinyan Huang , Weigang Lu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) provide important prospective insights in applications such as social behavior analysis and financial risk analysis based on their powerful learning capabilities on graph data. Nevertheless, GNNs' predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Yuecen Wei , Xingcheng Fu , Lingyun Liu , Qingyun Sun , Hao Peng , Chunming Hu

Graph In-Context Learning, with the ability to adapt pre-trained graph models to novel and diverse downstream graphs without updating any parameters, has gained much attention in the community. The key to graph in-context learning is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Rui Lv , Zaixi Zhang , Kai Zhang , Qi Liu , Weibo Gao , Jiawei Liu , Jiaxia Yan , Linan Yue , Fangzhou Yao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a standard technique for post-training diffusion-based image synthesis models, as it enables learning from reward signals to explicitly improve desirable aspects such as image quality and prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 David McAllister , Miika Aittala , Tero Karras , Janne Hellsten , Angjoo Kanazawa , Timo Aila , Samuli Laine

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method has emerged as a dominant paradigm for adapting pre-trained GNN models to downstream tasks. However, existing PEFT methods usually exhibit significant vulnerability to various noise and attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Ziyan Zhang , Bo Jiang , Jin Tang

Prompt-tuning has emerged as a promising method for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks or aligning with human preferences. Prompt learning is widely used in NLP but has limited applicability to RL due to the complex physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Shengchao Hu , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Graph pre-training strategies have been attracting a surge of attention in the graph mining community, due to their flexibility in parameterizing graph neural networks (GNNs) without any label information. The key idea lies in encoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Dawei Zhou , Lecheng Zheng , Dongqi Fu , Jiawei Han , Jingrui He

While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) recently became powerful tools in graph learning tasks, considerable efforts have been spent on improving GNNs' structural encoding ability. A particular line of work proposed subgraph GNNs that use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Lecheng Kong , Jiarui Feng , Hao Liu , Dacheng Tao , Yixin Chen , Muhan Zhang

In this paper, we propose PLACE (Prompt Learning for Attributed Community Search), an innovative graph prompt learning framework for ACS. Enlightened by prompt-tuning in Natural Language Processing (NLP), where learnable prompt tokens are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Shuheng Fang , Kangfei Zhao , Rener Zhang , Yu Rong , Jeffrey Xu Yu

The growing enforcement of the right to be forgotten regulations has propelled recent advances in certified (graph) unlearning strategies to comply with data removal requests from deployed machine learning (ML) models. Motivated by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 O. Deniz Kose , Gonzalo Mateos , Yanning Shen

Reinforcement learning (RL) requires skillful definition and remarkable computational efforts to solve optimization and control problems, which could impair its prospect. Introducing human guidance into reinforcement learning is a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Jingda Wu , Zhiyu Huang , Wenhui Huang , Chen Lv