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Few-shot in-context learning (ICL) enables pre-trained language models to perform a previously-unseen task without any gradient-based training by feeding a small number of training examples as part of the input. ICL incurs substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Haokun Liu , Derek Tam , Mohammed Muqeeth , Jay Mohta , Tenghao Huang , Mohit Bansal , Colin Raffel

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) offers an efficient solution for fine-tuning large pretrained language models for downstream tasks. However, most PEFT strategies are manually designed, often resulting in suboptimal performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Aofei Chang , Jiaqi Wang , Han Liu , Parminder Bhatia , Cao Xiao , Ting Wang , Fenglong Ma

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods achieve performance comparable to Full Fine-Tuning (FFT) while requiring significantly fewer computing resources, making it the go-to choice for researchers. We find that although PEFT can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yongkang Liu , Xingle Xu , Ercong Nie , Zijing Wang , Shi Feng , Daling Wang , Qian Li , Hinrich Schütze

Extremely low-resource languages, especially those written in rare scripts, as shown in Figure 1, remain largely unsupported by large language models (LLMs). This is due in part to compounding factors such as the lack of training data. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yue Li , Zhixue Zhao , Carolina Scarton

Transfer learning via fine-tuning pre-trained transformer models has gained significant success in delivering state-of-the-art results across various NLP tasks. In the absence of centralized data, Federated Learning (FL) can benefit from…

Multilingual pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on several downstream tasks for both high-resourced and low-resourced languages. However, there is still a large performance drop for languages unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Jesujoba O. Alabi , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Marius Mosbach , Dietrich Klakow

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency in the era of large language models. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has demonstrated commendable performance as a popular and representative method.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zequan Liu , Jiawen Lyn , Wei Zhu , Xing Tian , Yvette Graham

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), have significantly reduced the number of trainable parameters needed in fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). The developments of LoRA-style adapters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuxuan Gu , Wuyang Zhou , Giorgos Iacovides , Danilo Mandic

Adapting pretrained large language models (LLMs) to various downstream tasks in tens or hundreds of human languages is computationally expensive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) significantly reduces the adaptation cost, by tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Chu-Cheng Lin , Xinyi Wang , Jonathan H. Clark , Han Lu , Yun Zhu , Chenxi Whitehouse , Hongkun Yu

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to new tasks through fine-tuning has been made more efficient by the introduction of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques, such as LoRA. However, these methods often underperform compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Chunlin Tian , Zhan Shi , Zhijiang Guo , Li Li , Chengzhong Xu

We systematically evaluate Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods under the paradigm of Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). RLVR incentivizes language models to enhance their reasoning capabilities through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Qingyu Yin , Yulun Wu , Zhennan Shen , Sunbowen Li , Zhilin Wang , Yanshu Li , Chak Tou Leong , Jiale Kang , Jinjin Gu

Massively multilingual language models such as multilingual BERT offer state-of-the-art cross-lingual transfer performance on a range of NLP tasks. However, due to limited capacity and large differences in pretraining data sizes, there is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić , Iryna Gurevych , Sebastian Ruder

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a crucial approach for adapting large foundational models to specific tasks, particularly as model sizes continue to grow exponentially. Among PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Igor Sokolov , Abdurakhmon Sadiev , Yury Demidovich , Fawaz S Al-Qahtani , Peter Richtárik

Text-rich graphs, which exhibit rich textual information on nodes and edges, are prevalent across a wide range of real-world business applications. Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in understanding text,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Qi Zhu , Da Zheng , Xiang Song , Shichang Zhang , Bowen Jin , Yizhou Sun , George Karypis

The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) and related fields. However, fine-tuning these models for specific tasks remains computationally expensive and risks degrading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Md Kowsher , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat

Large-scale foundation models have demonstrated remarkable versatility across a wide range of downstream tasks. However, fully fine-tuning these models incurs prohibitive computational costs, motivating the development of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Chongjie Si , Xuankun Yang , Muqing Liu , Yadao Wang , Xiaokang Yang , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng , Wei Shen

Parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) is a key technique for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. In this paper, we study leveraging knowledge graph embeddings to improve the effectiveness of PEFT. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Xindi Luo , Zequn Sun , Jing Zhao , Zhe Zhao , Wei Hu

We propose the use of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of foundation models for cleft lip and palate (CLP) detection and severity classification. In CLP, nasalization increases with severity due to the abnormal passage between the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Susmita Bhattacharjee , Jagabandhu Mishra , H. S. Shekhawat , S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna

In this paper, we address the persistent challenges that figurative language expressions pose for natural language processing (NLP) systems, particularly in low-resource languages such as Konkani. We present a hybrid model that integrates a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Timothy Do , Pranav Saran , Harshita Poojary , Pranav Prabhu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma , Kevin Zhu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become the standard for customising Foundation Models (FMs) to user-specific downstream tasks. However, typical PEFT methods require storing multiple task-specific adapters, creating scalability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Abhinav Jain , Swarat Chaudhuri , Thomas Reps , Chris Jermaine