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Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Prompt engineering enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks. However, lengthy prompts significantly increase computational complexity and economic costs. To address this issue, we study six prompt compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Zheng Zhang , Jinyi Li , Yihuai Lan , Xiang Wang , Hao Wang

Prompt compression methods enhance the efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) and minimize the cost by reducing the length of input context. The goal of prompt compression is to shorten the LLM prompt while maintaining a high generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Tinghui Zhang , Yifan Wang , Daisy Zhe Wang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional capabilities in various scenarios. However, they suffer from much redundant information and are sensitive to the position of key information in long context scenarios. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jiwei Tang , Jin Xu , Tingwei Lu , Zhicheng Zhang , Yiming Zhao , Lin Hai , Hai-Tao Zheng

With the wide adoption of language models for IR -- and specifically RAG systems -- the latency of the underlying LLM becomes a crucial bottleneck, since the long contexts of retrieved passages lead large prompts and therefore, compute…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Cornelius Kummer , Lena Jurkschat , Michael Färber , Sahar Vahdati

Prompt compression condenses contexts while maintaining their informativeness for different usage scenarios. It not only shortens the inference time and reduces computational costs during the usage of large language models, but also lowers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Xiao Pu , Tianxing He , Xiaojun Wan

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational challenges when processing long contexts due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. While soft context compression methods, which map input text to smaller latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Gabriele Berton , Jayakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Son Tran , Mubarak Shah

In long context scenarios, large language models (LLMs) face three main challenges: higher computational cost, performance reduction, and position bias. Research indicates that LLM performance hinges on the density and position of key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Xufang Luo , Dongsheng Li , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Leveraging large language models (LLMs) for complex natural language tasks typically requires long-form prompts to convey detailed requirements and information, which results in increased memory usage and inference costs. To mitigate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zongqian Li , Yinhong Liu , Yixuan Su , Nigel Collier

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown outstanding performance across a variety of tasks, partly due to advanced prompting techniques. However, these techniques often require lengthy prompts, which increase computational costs and can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Jinwu Hu , Wei Zhang , Yufeng Wang , Yu Hu , Bin Xiao , Mingkui Tan , Qing Du

Evaluating the quality of machine-generated natural language content is a challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Recently, large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have been employed for this purpose, but they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Daniil Larionov , Steffen Eger

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled their successful application to a broad range of tasks. However, in information-intensive tasks, the prompt length can grow fast, leading to increased computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Weronika Łajewska , Momchil Hardalov , Laura Aina , Neha Anna John , Hang Su , Lluís Màrquez

This work investigates context compression for Large Language Models (LLMs) using learned compression tokens to reduce the memory and computational demands of processing long sequences. We demonstrate that pre-trained LLMs can be fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Dmitrii Tarasov , Elizaveta Goncharova , Kuznetsov Andrey

Motivated by the high costs of using black-box Large Language Models (LLMs), we introduce a novel prompt compression paradigm, under which we use smaller LLMs to compress inputs for the larger ones. We present the first comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ivan Zakazov , Berke Argin , Oussama Gabouj , Kamel Charaf , Alexander Sharipov , Alexi Semiz , Lorenzo Drudi , Nicolas Baldwin , Robert West

We formalize the problem of prompt compression for large language models (LLMs) and present a framework to unify token-level prompt compression methods which create hard prompts for black-box models. We derive the distortion-rate function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Alliot Nagle , Adway Girish , Marco Bondaschi , Michael Gastpar , Ashok Vardhan Makkuva , Hyeji Kim

This paper focuses on task-agnostic prompt compression for better generalizability and efficiency. Considering the redundancy in natural language, existing approaches compress prompts by removing tokens or lexical units according to their…

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel in visual understanding and reasoning, but the excessive visual tokens lead to high inference costs. Although recent token reduction methods mitigate this issue, they mainly target single-turn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yi Wang , Haofei Zhang , Qihan Huang , Anda Cao , Gongfan Fang , Wei Wang , Xuan Jin , Jie Song , Mingli Song , Xinchao Wang

While the numerous parameters in Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute to their superior performance, this massive scale makes them inefficient and memory-hungry. Thus, they are hard to deploy on commodity hardware, such as one single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zhaozhuo Xu , Zirui Liu , Beidi Chen , Yuxin Tang , Jue Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu , Anshumali Shrivastava

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) often impose limitations on the length of the text input to ensure the generation of fluent and relevant responses. This constraint restricts their applicability in scenarios involving long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Weizhi Fei , Xueyan Niu , Pingyi Zhou , Lu Hou , Bo Bai , Lei Deng , Wei Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in a wide range of natural language processing tasks when leveraging in-context learning. To mitigate the additional computational and financial costs associated with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Tsz Ting Chung , Leyang Cui , Lemao Liu , Xinting Huang , Shuming Shi , Dit-Yan Yeung
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