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We present a new on-line algorithm for computing the Lempel-Ziv factorization of a string that runs in $O(N\log N)$ time and uses only $O(N\log\sigma)$ bits of working space, where $N$ is the length of the string and $\sigma$ is the size of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-05-28 Jun'ichi Yamamoto , Tomohiro I , Hideo Bannai , Shunsuke Inenaga , Masayuki Takeda

We present a new, simple, and efficient approach for computing the Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) factorization of a string in linear time, based on suffix arrays. Computational experiments on various data sets show that our approach constantly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-21 Keisuke Goto , Hideo Bannai

The complexity of computing the Lempel-Ziv factorization and the set of all runs (= maximal repetitions) is studied in the decision tree model of computation over ordered alphabet. It is known that both these problems can be solved by RAM…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-22 Dmitry Kosolobov

Computing the LZ factorization (or LZ77 parsing) of a string is a computational bottleneck in many diverse applications, including data compression, text indexing, and pattern discovery. We describe new linear time LZ factorization…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Juha Kärkkäinen , Dominik Kempa , Simon J. Puglisi

We present an algorithm which computes the Lempel-Ziv factorization of a word $W$ of length $n$ on an alphabet $\Sigma$ of size $\sigma$ online in the following sense: it reads $W$ starting from the left, and, after reading each $r =…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-12-03 Tatiana Starikovskaya

The Lempel-Ziv parsing of a string (LZ77 for short) is one of the most important and widely-used algorithmic tools in data compression and string processing. We show that the Lempel-Ziv parsing of a string of length $n$ on an alphabet of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-07-28 Djamal Belazzougui , Simon J. Puglisi

We propose a new approach for calculating the Lempel-Ziv factorization of a string, based on run length encoding (RLE). We present a conceptually simple off-line algorithm based on a variant of suffix arrays, as well as an on-line algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Jun'ichi Yamamoto , Hideo Bannai , Shunsuke Inenaga , Masayuki Takeda

We present a new algorithm for computing the Lempel-Ziv Factorization (LZ77) of a given string of length $N$ in linear time, that utilizes only $N\log N + O(1)$ bits of working space, i.e., a single integer array, for constant size integer…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-08 Keisuke Goto , Hideo Bannai

Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) factorization is a fundamental problem in string processing: Greedily partition a given string $T$ from left to right into blocks (called phrases) so that each phrase is either the leftmost occurrence of a letter or the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

Based on the Breslauer-Italiano online suffix tree construction algorithm (2013) with double logarithmic worst-case guarantees on the update time per letter, we develop near-real-time algorithms for several classical problems on strings,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Dominik Köppl , Gregory Kucherov

We show that both the Lempel Ziv 77- and the 78-factorization of a text of length $n$ on an integer alphabet of size $\sigma$ can be computed in $O(n \lg \lg \sigma)$ time (linear time if we allow randomization) using $O(n \lg \sigma)$ bits…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-31 Dominik Köppl , Kunihiko Sadakane

We introduce a new approach to LZ77 factorization that uses O(n/d) words of working space and O(dn) time for any d >= 1 (for polylogarithmic alphabet sizes). We also describe carefully engineered implementations of alternative approaches to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Juha Kärkkäinen , Dominik Kempa , Simon J. Puglisi

Mauer et al. [A Lempel-Ziv-style Compression Method for Repetitive Texts, PSC 2017] proposed a hybrid text compression method called LZ-LFS which has both features of Lempel-Ziv 77 factorization and longest first substitution. They showed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Akihiro Nishi , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

For both the Lempel Ziv 77- and 78-factorization we propose algorithms generating the respective factorization using $(1+\epsilon) n \lg n + O(n)$ bits (for any positive constant $\epsilon \le 1$) working space (including the space for the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Johannes Fischer , Tomohiro I , Dominik Köppl

We consider online algorithms for the $k$-server problem on trees. There is a $k$-competitive algorithm for this problem, and it is the best competitive ratio. M. Chrobak and L. Larmore provided it. At the same time, the existing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Kamil Khadiev , Maxim Yagafarov

The Lempel-Ziv 77 (LZ77) factorization is a fundamental compression scheme widely used in text processing and data compression. In this work, we investigate the time complexity of maintaining the LZ77 factorization of a dynamic string. By…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Itai Boneh , Shay Golan , Matan Kraus

Despite consistently yielding the best compression on repetitive text collections, the Lempel-Ziv parsing has resisted all attempts at offering relevant guarantees on the cost to access an arbitrary symbol. This makes it less attractive for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Zsuzsanna Lipták , Francesco Masillo , Gonzalo Navarro

We present the zipper tree, an $O(\log \log n)$-competitive online binary search tree that performs each access in $O(\log n)$ worst-case time. This shows that for binary search trees, optimal worst-case access time and near-optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-18 Prosenjit Bose , Karim Douïeb , Vida Dujmovic , Rolf Fagerberg

We present two improved algorithms for weighted discrete $p$-center problem for tree networks with $n$ vertices. One of our proposed algorithms runs in $O(n \log n + p \log^2 n \log(n/p))$ time. For all values of $p$, our algorithm thus…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-27 Aritra Banik , Binay Bhattacharya , Sandip Das , Tsunehiko Kameda , Zhao Song

We consider online algorithms for the $k$-server problem on trees of size $n$. Chrobak and Larmore proposed a $k$-competitive algorithm for this problem that has the optimal competitive ratio. However, the existing implementations have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Kamil Khadiev , Maxim Yagafarov
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