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Real-world reinforcement learning applications are often hindered by delayed feedback from environments, which violates the Markov assumption and introduces significant challenges. Although numerous delay-compensating methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jongsoo Lee , Jangwon Kim , Jiseok Jeong , Soohee Han

In this work we create agents that can perform well beyond a single, individual task, that exhibit much wider generalisation of behaviour to a massive, rich space of challenges. We define a universe of tasks within an environment domain and…

We introduce a class of learning problems where the agent is presented with a series of tasks. Intuitively, if there is relation among those tasks, then the information gained during execution of one task has value for the execution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-09-06 Christos Dimitrakakis

We use model-free reinforcement learning, extensive simulation, and transfer learning to develop a continuous control algorithm that has good zero-shot performance in a real physical environment. We train a simulated agent to act optimally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-09 M Ferguson , K. H. Law

Continual learning (CL) -- the ability to continuously learn, building on previously acquired knowledge -- is a natural requirement for long-lived autonomous reinforcement learning (RL) agents. While building such agents, one needs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Maciej Wołczyk , Michał Zając , Razvan Pascanu , Łukasz Kuciński , Piotr Miłoś

We explore building generative neural network models of popular reinforcement learning environments. Our world model can be trained quickly in an unsupervised manner to learn a compressed spatial and temporal representation of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-10 David Ha , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Agent self-improvement, where the backbone Large Language Model (LLM) of the agent are trained on trajectories sampled autonomously based on their own policies, has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing performance. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Tianqing Fang , Hongming Zhang , Zhisong Zhang , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

The rapid evolution of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has advanced workflow automation; however, existing research mainly targets performance upper bounds in static environments, overlooking robustness for stochastic real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Daocheng Fu , Jianbiao Mei , Rong Wu , Xuemeng Yang , Jia Xu , Ding Wang , Pinlong Cai , Yong Liu , Licheng Wen , Botian Shi

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

Lifelong learning is essential for intelligent agents operating in dynamic environments. Current large language model (LLM)-based agents, however, remain stateless and unable to accumulate or transfer knowledge over time. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junhao Zheng , Xidi Cai , Qiuke Li , Duzhen Zhang , ZhongZhi Li , Yingying Zhang , Le Song , Qianli Ma

In order for robots and other artificial agents to efficiently learn to perform useful tasks defined by an end user, they must understand not only the goals of those tasks, but also the structure and dynamics of that user's environment.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-22 Robert Loftin , Bei Peng , Matthew E. Taylor , Michael L. Littman , David L. Roberts

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have been strongly driven by the use of game environments for training and evaluating agents. Games are often accessible and versatile, with well-defined state-transitions and goals allowing for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Benjamin Beyret , José Hernández-Orallo , Lucy Cheke , Marta Halina , Murray Shanahan , Matthew Crosby

Simulation of population dynamics is a central research theme in computational biology, which contributes to understanding the interactions between predators and preys. Conventional mathematical tools of this theme, however, are incapable…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Jun Yamada , John Shawe-Taylor , Zafeirios Fountas

The rapid pace of recent research in AI has been driven in part by the presence of fast and challenging simulation environments. These environments often take the form of games; with tasks ranging from simple board games, to competitive…

Industry has always been in the pursuit of becoming more economically efficient and the current focus has been to reduce human labour using modern technologies. Even with cutting edge technologies, which range from packaging robots to AI…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Leonardo A. Espinosa Leal , Magnus Westerlund , Anthony Chapman

We address the long-horizon gap in large language model (LLM) agents by enabling them to sustain coherent strategies in adversarial, stochastic environments. Settlers of Catan provides a challenging benchmark: success depends on balancing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nikolas Belle , Dakota Barnes , Alfonso Amayuelas , Ivan Bercovich , Xin Eric Wang , William Wang

Traditional approaches to the design of multi-agent navigation algorithms consider the environment as a fixed constraint, despite the obvious influence of spatial constraints on agents' performance. Yet hand-designing improved environment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Zhan Gao , Amanda Prorok

This paper offers a roadmap for the development of scalable aligned artificial intelligence (AI) from first principle descriptions of natural intelligence. In brief, a possible path toward scalable aligned AI rests upon enabling artificial…

With the proliferation of the Large Language Model (LLM), the concept of World Models (WM) has recently attracted a great deal of attention in the AI research community, especially in the context of AI agents. It is arguably evolving into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Zifan Zeng , Chongzhe Zhang , Feng Liu , Joseph Sifakis , Qunli Zhang , Shiming Liu , Peng Wang

Deciding whether an agent possesses a model of its surrounding world is a fundamental step toward understanding its capabilities and limitations. In [10], it was shown that, within a particular framework, every almost optimal and general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Santiago Cifuentes