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Variational quantum algorithms, which combine highly expressive parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) and optimization techniques in machine learning, are one of the most promising applications of a near-term quantum computer. Despite their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-07 Chae-Yeun Park , Nathan Killoran

Quantum machine learning is considered one of the flagship applications of quantum computers, where variational quantum circuits could be the leading paradigm both in the near-term quantum devices and the early fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-17 Yuqing Li , Jinglei Cheng , Xulong Tang , Youtao Zhang , Frederic T. Chong , Junyu Liu

We introduce a variational method for simulating the dynamics of interacting open quantum spin systems. The method is based on the spin phase-space representation and variationally targets the Husimi-$Q$ function with an ansatz based on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Jacopo Tosca , Zejian Li , Francesco Carnazza , Cristiano Ciuti

Barren plateaus appear to be a major obstacle to using variational quantum algorithms to simulate large-scale quantum systems or replace traditional machine learning algorithms. They can be caused by multiple factors such as expressivity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-10 Cenk Tüysüz , Giuseppe Clemente , Arianna Crippa , Tobias Hartung , Stefan Kühn , Karl Jansen

Solving quantum many-body systems is one of the most significant regimes where quantum computing applies. Currently, as a hardware-friendly computational paradigms, variational algorithms are often used for finding the ground energy of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Yong Liu , Guangyao Huang , Yizhi Wang , Junjie Wu

Machine learning algorithms, both in their classical and quantum versions, heavily rely on optimization algorithms based on gradients, such as gradient descent and alike. The overall performance is dependent on the appearance of local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-26 Pablo Bermejo , Borja Aizpurua , Roman Orus

Parametrized quantum circuits initialized with random initial parameter values are characterized by barren plateaus where the gradient becomes exponentially small in the number of qubits. In this technical note we theoretically motivate and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 Edward Grant , Leonard Wossnig , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Marcello Benedetti

In hybrid classical-quantum computing, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a promising approach in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era; however, their performance is often hindered by barren plateaus, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Zhehao Yi , Rahul Bhadani

We propose an optimization method for the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) that combines adaptive and physics-inspired ansatz design. Instead of optimizing multiple layers simultaneously, the ansatz is built incrementally from its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Cedric Gaberle , Manpreet Singh Jattana

Parameterized quantum circuits used as variational ans\"atze are emerging as promising tools to tackle complex problems ranging from quantum chemistry to combinatorial optimization. These variational quantum circuits can suffer from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-14 Valentin Heyraud , Zejian Li , Kaelan Donatella , Alexandre Le Boité , Cristiano Ciuti

The variational principle of quantum mechanics is the backbone of hybrid quantum computing for a range of applications. However, as the problem size grows, quantum logic errors and the effect of barren plateaus overwhelm the quality of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-01 Harish J. Vallury , Michael A. Jones , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have received considerable attention due to their potential for achieving near-term quantum advantage. However, more work is needed to understand their scalability. One known scaling result for VQAs is…

Variational quantum algorithms are viewed as promising candidates for demonstrating quantum advantage on near-term devices. These approaches typically involve the training of parameterized quantum circuits through a classical optimization…

While variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable success in unconstrained optimization, their application to constrained combinatorial problems face a trade-off. Penalty-based methods, despite their circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Hui-Min Li , Yuan-Liang Han , Zhi-Xi Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

Variational Quantum Circuits are being used as versatile Quantum Machine Learning models. Some empirical results exhibit an advantage in supervised and generative learning tasks. However, when applied to Reinforcement Learning, less is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 André Sequeira , Luis Paulo Santos , Luís Soares Barbosa

Variational quantum algorithms have found success in the NISQ era owing to their hybrid quantum-classical approach which mitigate the problems of noise in quantum computers. In our study we introduce the dynamic ansatz in the Variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-08 Hrushikesh Patil , Yulun Wang , Predrag Krstic

Quantum computing is an emerging topic in engineering that promises to enhance supercomputing using fundamental physics. In the near term, the best candidate algorithms for achieving this advantage are variational quantum algorithms (VQAs).…

Adaptive construction of ansatz circuits offers a promising route towards applicable variational quantum eigensolvers on near-term quantum hardware. Those algorithms aim to build up optimal circuits for a certain problem and ansatz circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 Zi-Jian Zhang , Thi Ha Kyaw , Jakob S. Kottmann , Matthias Degroote , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) represent a promising approach to utilizing current quantum computing infrastructures. VQAs are based on a parameterized quantum circuit optimized in a closed loop via a classical algorithm. This hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 David Fitzek , Robert S. Jonsson , Werner Dobrautz , Christian Schäfer

Quantum variational algorithms are one of the most promising applications of near-term quantum computers; however, recent studies have demonstrated that unless the variational quantum circuits are configured in a problem-specific manner,…