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Despite their enormous predictive power, machine learning models are often unsuitable for applications in regulated industries such as finance, due to their limited capacity to provide explanations. While model-agnostic frameworks such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-03 Joshua S. Harvey , Guanchao Feng , Sai Anusha Meesala , Tina Zhao , Dhagash Mehta

The field of generating recommendations within the framework of causal inference has seen a recent surge, with recommendations being likened to treatments. This approach enhances insights into the influence of recommendations on user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Guanglin Zhou , Chengkai Huang , Xiaocong Chen , Xiwei Xu , Chen Wang , Liming Zhu , Lina Yao

When applied in healthcare, reinforcement learning (RL) seeks to dynamically match the right interventions to subjects to maximize population benefit. However, the learned policy may disproportionately allocate efficacious actions to one…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-15 Jitao Wang , Chengchun Shi , John D. Piette , Joshua R. Loftus , Donglin Zeng , Zhenke Wu

We tackle the problem of computing counterfactual explanations -- minimal changes to the features that flip an undesirable model prediction. We propose a solution to this question for linear Support Vector Machine (SVMs) models. Moreover,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Sebastian Salazar , Samuel Denton , Ansaf Salleb-Aouissi

While reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been successfully applied to numerous tasks, their reliance on neural networks makes their behavior difficult to understand and trust. Counterfactual explanations are human-friendly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Jasmina Gajcin , Ivana Dusparic

Data valuation, or the valuation of individual datum contributions, has seen growing interest in machine learning due to its demonstrable efficacy for tasks such as noisy label detection. In particular, due to the desirable axiomatic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Stephanie Schoch , Haifeng Xu , Yangfeng Ji

Explaining the predictions of opaque machine learning algorithms is an important and challenging task, especially as complex models are increasingly used to assist in high-stakes decisions such as those arising in healthcare and finance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 David S. Watson

Reinforcement learning (RL) is used in various robotic applications. RL enables agents to learn tasks autonomously by interacting with the environment. The more critical the tasks are, the higher the demand for the robustness of the RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Tom He , Jasmina Gajcin , Ivana Dusparic

We propose a variant of the Shapley value, the group Shapley value, to interpret counterfactual simulations in structural economic models by quantifying the importance of different components. Our framework compares two sets of parameters,…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-10-10 Yongchan Kwon , Sokbae Lee , Guillaume A. Pouliot

Invariant Contrastive Learning (ICL) methods have achieved impressive performance across various domains. However, the absence of latent space representation for distortion (augmentation)-related information in the latent space makes ICL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Sifan Song , Jinfeng Wang , Qiaochu Zhao , Xiang Li , Dufan Wu , Angelos Stefanidis , Jionglong Su , S. Kevin Zhou , Quanzheng Li

We study constrained reinforcement learning (CRL) from a novel perspective by setting constraints directly on state density functions, rather than the value functions considered by previous works. State density has a clear physical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Zengyi Qin , Yuxiao Chen , Chuchu Fan

The Shapley value (SV) and Least core (LC) are classic methods in cooperative game theory for cost/profit sharing problems. Both methods have recently been proposed as a principled solution for data valuation tasks, i.e., quantifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Tianhao Wang , Yu Yang , Ruoxi Jia

Training action space selection for reinforcement learning (RL) is conflict-prone due to complex state-action relationships. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a Shapley-inspired methodology for training action space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Rajat Ghosh , Debojyoti Dutta

Query-focused Summarization (QfS) deals with systems that generate summaries from document(s) based on a query. Motivated by the insight that Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a generalization to Supervised Learning (SL) for Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Swaroop Nath , Harshad Khadilkar , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

In reinforcement learning (RL), it is easier to solve a task if given a good representation. While deep RL should automatically acquire such good representations, prior work often finds that learning representations in an end-to-end fashion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Benjamin Eysenbach , Tianjun Zhang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sergey Levine

Learning reinforcement learning (RL)-based recommenders from historical user-item interaction sequences is vital to generate high-reward recommendations and improve long-term cumulative benefits. However, existing RL recommendation methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Zhaochun Ren , Na Huang , Yidan Wang , Pengjie Ren , Jun Ma , Jiahuan Lei , Xinlei Shi , Hengliang Luo , Joemon M Jose , Xin Xin

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) methods are appealing in the offline setting because they allow an agent to reason about the consequences of actions without interacting with the environment. Prior methods learn a 1-step dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Bogdan Mazoure , Benjamin Eysenbach , Ofir Nachum , Jonathan Tompson

Additive feature explanations using Shapley values have become popular for providing transparency into the relative importance of each feature to an individual prediction of a machine learning model. While Shapley values provide a unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Thomas W. Campbell , Heinrich Roder , Robert W. Georgantas , Joanna Roder

Shapley Values (SV) are widely used in explainable AI, but their estimation and interpretation can be challenging, leading to inaccurate inferences and explanations. As a starting point, we remind an invariance principle for SV and derive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-01 Salim I. Amoukou , Nicolas J-B. Brunel , Tangi Salaün

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that enables an intelligent agent to learn an optimal policy that maximizes the cumulative rewards in sequential decision making. Most of methods in the existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-06 Chengchun Shi , Zhengling Qi , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou