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Let $g$ be a map from the set of positive integers into itself defined as follows: Let $x$ be a positive integer. If $x$ is odd, then $g(x)=3x+1$, and if $x$ is even, then $g(x)=x/2$. The $3x+1$ conjecture, also called the Collatz…

Take an odd number x >0. Then 3x+1 is even and one can find an integer k> 0 so that y= 3x+1/2^k is again odd. We get in this way the mapping T, Tx=y. The paper contains two theorems describing statistical properties of T. The first…

In the context of linear inverse problems, we propose and study a general iterative regularization method allowing to consider large classes of regularizers and data-fit terms. The algorithm we propose is based on a primal-dual diagonal…

For each positive integer n greater than or equal to 2, a new approach to expressing real numbers as sequences of nonnegative integers is given. The n=2 case is equivalent to the standard continued fraction algorithm. For n=3, it reduces to…

In this paper we consider dynamical systems generated by $(3,2)$-rational functions on the field of $p$-adic complex numbers. Each such function has three fixed points. We show that Siegel disks of the dynamical system may either coincide…

This paper presents a control reconfiguration approach to improve the performance of two classes of dynamical systems. Motivated by recent research on re-engineering cyber-physical systems, we propose a three-step control retrofit…

Using $p$-adic numbers, we partially categorize the cycles of a sizable class of polynomial dynamical systems. In turn, we prove a few results related to the non-trivial cycles of the $\textit{Collatz map}$ $\text{Col} : \mathbb{Z}_+ \to…

The dynamic critical behavior of the two-replica cluster algorithm is studied. Several versions of the algorithm are applied to the two-dimensional, square lattice Ising model with a staggered field. The dynamic exponent for the full…

The dynamics by iteration of a function on a compact metric space, sometimes called a cascade, can be extended to the dynamics of a closed relation on such a space. Here we apply this relation dynamics to study semiflows (and their relation…

We introduce a one-dimensional random walk, which at each step performs a reinforced dynamics with probability $\theta$ and with probability $1 - \theta$, the random walk performs a step independent of the past. We analyse its asymptotic…

The complex dynamics of physical systems can often be modeled with stochastic differential equations. However, computational constraints inhibit the estimation of dynamics from large time-series datasets. I present a method for estimating…

This work represents an in-depth study of the structural behavior of the Collatz sequences. We consider a finite arithmetic progression with a common difference is 2 and the number of terms in the sequence is equal to 2^n . After, we…

I show here that there are three different kinds of iterations for the reduced Collatz algorithm; depending on whether the root of the number is odd or even. There is only one kind of iteration if the root is odd and two kinds if the root…

Simple algebraic rules can produce complex networks with rich structures. These graphs are obtained when looking at a monoid operating on a ring. There are relations to dynamical systems theory and number theory. This document illustrates…

The 3x+1 problem is one of the most classical problems in computer science, related to many fields. As it is thought by scientists a highly hard problem, resolving it successfully not only can improve the research in many relating fields,…

Discrete inverse problems correspond to solving a system of equations in a stable way with respect to noise in the data. A typical approach to enforce uniqueness and select a meaningful solution is to introduce a regularizer. While for most…

The Collatz map is defined for a positive even integer as half that integer, and for a positive odd integer as that integer threefold, plus one. The Collatz conjecture states that when the map is iterated the number one is eventually…

Analogues of the prime number theorem and Merten's theorem are well-known for dynamical systems with hyperbolic behaviour. In this paper a 3-adic extension of the circle doubling map is studied. The map has a 3-adic eigendirection in which…

Two algorithms are introduced for the computation of discrete integral transforms with a multiscale approach operating in discrete three-dimensional (3D) volumes while considering its real-time implementation. The first algorithm, referred…

Exploring the Collatz Conjecture and changing the expression from 3n + 1 to 5n + 1, we found patterns in different sets of numbers. Some numbers reduce to one (as stated in the Collatz Conjecture), some might escape to infinity, and some…