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In emergency situations, every second counts. The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in time-sensitive, low or zero-connectivity environments remains limited. Current models are computationally intensive and unsuitable for low-tier…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Saiyma Sittul Muna , Rezwan Islam Salvi , Mushfiqur Rahman Mushfique , Ajwad Abrar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient at generating coherent and contextually relevant text but face challenges when addressing knowledge-intensive queries in domain-specific and factual question-answering tasks. Retrieval-augmented…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Garima Agrawal , Tharindu Kumarage , Zeyad Alghamdi , Huan Liu

While question answering over knowledge bases (KBQA) has shown progress in addressing factoid questions, KBQA with numerical reasoning remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we focus on the complex numerical reasoning in KBQA and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Xiang Huang , Sitao Cheng , Yuheng Bao , Shanshan Huang , Yuzhong Qu

Question generation over knowledge bases (KBQG) aims at generating natural-language questions about a subgraph, i.e. a set of (connected) triples. Two main challenges still face the current crop of encoder-decoder-based methods, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Sheng Bi , Xiya Cheng , Yuan-Fang Li , Yongzhen Wang , Guilin Qi

Large language models (LLMs) are among the best methods for processing natural language, partly due to their versatility. At the same time, domain-specific LLMs are more practical in real-life applications. This work introduces a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Arkadiusz Bryłkowski , Jakub Klikowski

The Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) task aims to answer natural language questions based on a given knowledge base. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in language understanding and can be used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Yantao Liu , Zixuan Li , Xiaolong Jin , Yucan Guo , Long Bai , Saiping Guan , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) on specialized domain datasets has shown improved performance when large language models (LLMs) are fine-tuned for generating responses to user queries. In this study, we develop a cybersecurity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Varun Badrinath Krishna

The AI2 Reasoning Challenge (ARC), a new benchmark dataset for question answering (QA) has been recently released. ARC only contains natural science questions authored for human exams, which are hard to answer and require advanced logic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Yuyu Zhang , Hanjun Dai , Kamil Toraman , Le Song

Iterative retrieval-augmented generation (iRAG) models offer an effective approach for multi-hop question answering (QA). However, their retrieval process faces two key challenges: (1) it can be disrupted by irrelevant documents or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jinyuan Fang , Zaiqiao Meng , Craig Macdonald

Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering is a popular area of research in the past decade. Recent public datasets have led to encouraging results in this field, but are mostly limited to English and only involve a small number of question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Jianyun Zou , Min Yang , Lichao Zhang , Yechen Xu , Qifan Pan , Fengqing Jiang , Ran Qin , Shushu Wang , Yifan He , Songfang Huang , Zhou Zhao

Existing studies on semantic parsing focus primarily on mapping a natural-language utterance to a corresponding logical form in one turn. However, because natural language can contain a great deal of ambiguity and variability, this is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Lingbo Mo , Ashley Lewis , Huan Sun , Michael White

Question answering (QA) aims to understand questions and find appropriate answers. In real-world QA systems, Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) based QA is usually a practical and effective solution, especially for some complicated questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Ruobing Xie , Yanan Lu , Fen Lin , Leyu Lin

Existing approaches on Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs (KGQA) have weak generalizability. That is often due to the standard i.i.d. assumption on the underlying dataset. Recently, three levels of generalization for KGQA were…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Longquan Jiang , Ricardo Usbeck

Program induction (PI) has become a promising paradigm for using knowledge bases (KBs) to help large language models (LLMs) answer complex knowledge-intensive questions. Nonetheless, PI typically relies on a large number of parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Jiajie Zhang , Shulin Cao , Linmei Hu , Ling Feng , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Knowledge-based Vision Question Answering (KB-VQA) extends general Vision Question Answering (VQA) by not only requiring the understanding of visual and textual inputs but also extensive range of knowledge, enabling significant advancements…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Jiaqi Deng , Zonghan Wu , Huan Huo , Guandong Xu

As question answering (QA) systems advance alongside the rapid evolution of foundation models, the need for robust, adaptable, and large-scale evaluation benchmarks becomes increasingly critical. Traditional QA benchmarks are often static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Preetam Prabhu Srikar Dammu , Himanshu Naidu , Chirag Shah

Pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention for addressing open-domain Question Answering (QA). While they exhibit high accuracy in answering questions related to common knowledge, LLMs encounter difficulties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Rohan Kumar , Youngmin Kim , Sunitha Ravi , Haitian Sun , Christos Faloutsos , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Minji Yoon

This paper introduces QAConv, a new question answering (QA) dataset that uses conversations as a knowledge source. We focus on informative conversations, including business emails, panel discussions, and work channels. Unlike open-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Chien-Sheng Wu , Andrea Madotto , Wenhao Liu , Pascale Fung , Caiming Xiong

We introduce a new dataset for conversational question answering over Knowledge Graphs (KGs) with verbalized answers. Question answering over KGs is currently focused on answer generation for single-turn questions (KGQA) or multiple-tun…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Endri Kacupaj , Kuldeep Singh , Maria Maleshkova , Jens Lehmann

Clinical question answering systems have the potential to provide clinicians with relevant and timely answers to their questions. Nonetheless, despite the advances that have been made, adoption of these systems in clinical settings has been…