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LangXAI is a framework that integrates Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) with advanced vision models to generate textual explanations for visual recognition tasks. Despite XAI advancements, an understanding gap persists for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen , Tobias Clement , Phuc Truong Loc Nguyen , Nils Kemmerzell , Van Binh Truong , Vo Thanh Khang Nguyen , Mohamed Abdelaal , Hung Cao

The rationale behind a deep learning model's output is often difficult to understand by humans. EXplainable AI (XAI) aims at solving this by developing methods that improve interpretability and explainability of machine learning models.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Rafaël Brandt , Daan Raatjens , Georgi Gaydadjiev

Interpreting the decision-making process of deep convolutional neural networks remains a central challenge in achieving trustworthy and transparent artificial intelligence. Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, particularly Class Activation Map…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hajar Dekdegue , Moncef Garouani , Josiane Mothe , Jordan Bernigaud

As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly integrated into daily life, the field of explainability has gained significant attention. This trend is particularly driven by the complexity of modern AI models and their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Rémi Kazmierczak , Eloïse Berthier , Goran Frehse , Gianni Franchi

Object affordance reasoning, the ability to infer object functionalities based on physical properties, is fundamental for task-oriented planning and activities in both humans and Artificial Intelligence (AI). This capability, required for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Xiaomeng Zhu , Yuyang Li , Leiyao Cui , Pengfei Li , Huan-ang Gao , Yixin Zhu , Hao Zhao

Intuitive physics is pivotal for human understanding of the physical world, enabling prediction and interpretation of events even in infancy. Nonetheless, replicating this level of intuitive physics in artificial intelligence (AI) remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Bo Dai , Linge Wang , Baoxiong Jia , Zeyu Zhang , Song-Chun Zhu , Chi Zhang , Yixin Zhu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have greatly impacted numerous fields over the past decade. Yet despite exhibiting superb performance over many problems, their black-box nature still poses a significant challenge with respect to explainability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Snir Vitrack Tamam , Raz Lapid , Moshe Sipper

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques for interpreting object detection models remain in an early stage, with no established standards for systematic evaluation. This absence of consensus hinders both the comparative analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Loc Phuc Truong Nguyen , Hung Truong Thanh Nguyen , Hung Cao

Human vision is highly adaptive, efficiently sampling intricate environments by sequentially fixating on task-relevant regions. In contrast, prevailing machine vision models passively process entire scenes at once, resulting in excessive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yulin Wang , Yang Yue , Yang Yue , Huanqian Wang , Haojun Jiang , Yizeng Han , Zanlin Ni , Yifan Pu , Minglei Shi , Rui Lu , Qisen Yang , Andrew Zhao , Zhuofan Xia , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

The growing capabilities of AI models are leading to their wider use, including in safety-critical domains. Explainable AI (XAI) aims to make these models safer to use by making their inference process more transparent. However, current…

Limited real-world data severely impacts model performance in many computer vision domains, particularly for samples that are underrepresented in training. Synthetically generated images are a promising solution, but 1) it remains unclear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Nitish Mital , Simon Malzard , Richard Walters , Celso M. De Melo , Raghuveer Rao , Victoria Nockles

In recent years, considerable work has been devoted to explaining predictive, deep learning-based models, and in turn how to evaluate explanations. An important class of evaluation methods are ones that are human-centered, which typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yayan Zhao , Mingwei Li , Matthew Berger

Visual recognition models have achieved unprecedented success in various tasks. While researchers aim to understand the underlying mechanisms of these models, the growing demand for deployment in safety-critical areas like autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Qiyang Wan , Chengzhi Gao , Ruiping Wang , Xilin Chen

A particular class of Explainable AI (XAI) methods provide saliency maps to highlight part of the image a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model looks at to classify the image as a way to explain its working. These methods provide an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Sam Zabdiel Sunder Samuel , Vidhya Kamakshi , Namrata Lodhi , Narayanan C Krishnan

Artificial intelligence methods are being increasingly applied across various domains, but their often opaque nature has raised concerns about accountability and trust. In response, the field of explainable AI (XAI) has emerged to address…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ryan Zhou , Jaume Bacardit , Alexander Brownlee , Stefano Cagnoni , Martin Fyvie , Giovanni Iacca , John McCall , Niki van Stein , David Walker , Ting Hu

Strategies based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) have promoted better human interpretability of the results of black box models. This opens up the possibility of questioning whether explanations created by XAI methods meet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 José Ribeiro , Níkolas Carneiro , Ronnie Alves

Explainability plays a crucial role in providing a more comprehensive understanding of deep learning models' behaviour. This allows for thorough validation of the model's performance, ensuring that its decisions are based on relevant visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 E. Zhixuan Zeng , Hayden Gunraj , Sheldon Fernandez , Alexander Wong

Understanding the reasons behind the predictions made by deep neural networks is critical for gaining human trust in many important applications, which is reflected in the increasing demand for explainability in AI (XAI) in recent years.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Xiaotian Lu , Arseny Tolmachev , Tatsuya Yamamoto , Koh Takeuchi , Seiji Okajima , Tomoyoshi Takebayashi , Koji Maruhashi , Hisashi Kashima

Explainable AI (XAI) is slowly becoming a key component for many AI applications. Rule-based and modified backpropagation XAI approaches however often face challenges when being applied to modern model architectures including innovative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Frederik Pahde , Galip Ümit Yolcu , Alexander Binder , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to make learning machines less opaque, and offers researchers and practitioners various tools to reveal the decision-making strategies of neural networks. In this work, we investigate how XAI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Dennis Grinwald , Kirill Bykov , Shinichi Nakajima , Marina M. -C. Höhne