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A survey is given of approaches to the problem of distributed consensus, focusing particularly on methods based on cellular automata and related systems. A variety of new results are given, as well as a history of the field and an extensive…
Blockchain technology has attracted tremendous attention in both academia and capital market. However, overwhelming speculations on thousands of available cryptocurrencies and numerous initial coin offering (ICO) scams have also brought…
In the white book of Bitcion, Satoshi Nakamoto described a bitcoin system that can realize point-to-point online payment without a third-party organization. After supporting this magical application scenario and subverting the traditional…
This paper examines the economic and security implications of Proof-of-Stake (POS) designs, providing a survey of POS design choices and their underlying economic principles in prominent POS-blockchains. The paper argues that…
Blockchain, the technology behind the popular Bitcoin, is considered a "security by design" system as it is meant to create security among a group of distrustful parties yet without a central trusted authority. The security of blockchain…
Internet of Things and data sciences are fueling the development of innovative solutions for various applications in Smart and Connected Communities (SCC). These applications provide participants with the capability to exchange not only…
The adoption of permissioned blockchain networks in enterprise settings has seen an increase in growth over the past few years. While encouraging, this is leading to the emergence of new data, asset and process silos limiting the potential…
Blockchain has been widely deployed in various sectors, such as finance, education, and public services. Since blockchain runs as an immutable distributed ledger, it has decentralized mechanisms with persistency, anonymity, and…
Trust management systems (TMS) are crucial for managing trust in distributed environments. The rise of decentralized systems and blockchain has sparked interest in credential-based decentralized trust management systems (DTMS). This paper…
Voting mechanisms play a crucial role in decentralized governance of blockchain systems. Liquid democracy, also known as delegative voting, allows voters to vote directly or delegate their voting power to others, thereby contributing to the…
Blockchain is one of the most discussed and highly accepted technologies, primarily due to its application in almost every field where third parties are needed for trust. Blockchain technology relies on distributed consensus for trust,…
The growth potential of a crypto(currency) project can be measured by the use cases spurred by the underlying technology. However, these projects are usually distributed, with a weak feedback schemes. Hence, a metric that is widely used as…
Industrial processes rely on sensory data for decision-making processes, risk assessment, and performance evaluation. Extracting actionable insights from the collected data calls for an infrastructure that can ensure the dissemination of…
The Decentralized-Consistent-Scale (DCS) Triangle defines three dimensions that illustrate the tradeoffs of the blockchain consensus mechanism. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid consensus protocol, called Deterministic Proof of Work…
A blockchain is a decentralized ledger where all transactions are recorded. For having a reliable blockchain and double-spending prevention, we need a decentralized consensus and agreement on a blockchain. Bitcoin uses proof-of-work (PoW).…
Bitcoin and its underlying technology, blockchain, have gained significant popularity in recent years. Satoshi Nakamoto designed Bitcoin to enable a secure, distributed platform without the need for central authorities, and blockchain has…
The applications of the blockchain technology are still being discov-ered. When a new potential disruptive technology emerges, there is a tendency to try to solve every problem with that technology. However, it is still necessary to…
A decentralized online petition system enables individuals or groups to create, sign, and share petitions without a central authority. Using blockchain technology, these systems ensure the integrity and transparency of the petition process…
Designed for commercial decentralized applications (DApps), EOSIO is a Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) based blockchain system. It has overcome some shortages of the traditional blockchain systems like Bitcoin and Ethereum with its…
The consensus algorithm is crucial in blockchain for ensuring the validity and security of transactions across the decentralized network. However, achieving consensus among nodes and packaging blocks in blockchain networks is a complex task…