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Infrared small target detection (ISTD) faces two major challenges: a lack of discernible target texture and severe background clutter, which results in the background obscuring the target. To enhance targets and suppress backgrounds, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Chen Hu , Mingyu Zhou , Shuai Yuan , Hongbo Hu , Zhenming Peng , Tian Pu , Xiying Li

Single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection aims at separating small targets from clutter backgrounds on infrared images. Recently, deep learning based methods have achieved promising performance on SIRST detection, but at the cost…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Boyang Li , Yingqian Wang , Longguang Wang , Fei Zhang , Ting Liu , Zaiping Lin , Wei An , Yulan Guo

Detecting small targets in infrared images poses significant challenges in defense applications due to the presence of complex backgrounds and the small size of the targets. Traditional object detection methods often struggle to balance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Alina Ciocarlan , Sylvie Le Hégarat-Mascle , Sidonie Lefebvre , Arnaud Woiselle

Infrared Small Target Detection (IRSTD) system aims to identify small targets in complex backgrounds. Due to the convolution operation in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), applying traditional CNNs to IRSTD presents challenges, since…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Yirui Chen , Yiming Zhu , Yuxin Jing , Tianpei Zhang , Jufeng Zhao

Infrared small object detection is an important computer vision task involving the recognition and localization of tiny objects in infrared images, which usually contain only a few pixels. However, it encounters difficulties due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Shibiao Xu , ShuChen Zheng , Wenhao Xu , Rongtao Xu , Changwei Wang , Jiguang Zhang , Xiaoqiang Teng , Ao Li , Li Guo

Recently, infrared small target detection has attracted extensive attention. However, due to the small size and the lack of intrinsic features of infrared small targets, the existing methods generally have the problem of inaccurate edge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jinmiao Zhao , Chuang Yu , Zelin Shi , Yunpeng Liu , Yingdi Zhang

Hyperspectral target detection (HTD) aims to identify specific materials based on spectral information in hyperspectral imagery and can detect extremely small-sized objects, some of which occupy a smaller than one-pixel area. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhaoxu Li , Wei An , Gaowei Guo , Longguang Wang , Yingqian Wang , Zaiping Lin

Infrared small target detection is currently a hot and challenging task in computer vision. Existing methods usually focus on mining visual features of targets, which struggles to cope with complex and diverse detection scenarios. The main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Feng Huang , Shuyuan Zheng , Zhaobing Qiu , Huanxian Liu , Huanxin Bai , Liqiong Chen

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) remains challenging due to the scarcity of useful target cues and the presence of severe background clutter. Most current methods rely on conventional feature learning and local interaction modeling,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Qianwen Ma , Yang Xu , Shangwei Deng , Xiaobo Li , Haofeng Hu

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) aims to separate small targets from clutter backgrounds. Extensive research is dedicated to the pixel-level supervision-guided "encoder-decoder" segmentation paradigm. Although having achieved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Rixiang Ni , Boyang Li , Jun Chen , Yonghao Li , Feiyu Ren , Yuji Wang , Haoyang Yuan , Wujiao He , Wei An

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is crucial for surveillance and early-warning, with deployments spanning both single-frame analysis and video-mode tracking. A practical solution should leverage vision foundation models (VFMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qian Xu , Xi Li , Fei Gao , Jie Guo , Haojuan Yuan , Shuaipeng Fan , Mingjin Zhang

To mitigate the issue of minimal intrinsic features for pure data-driven methods, in this paper, we propose a novel model-driven deep network for infrared small target detection, which combines discriminative networks and conventional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Yimian Dai , Yiquan Wu , Fei Zhou , Kobus Barnard

Infrared small target detection is a challenging task due to its unique characteristics (e.g., small, dim, shapeless and changeable). Recently published CNN-based methods have achieved promising performance with heavy feature extraction and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yongxian Liu , Boyang Li , Ting Liu , Zaiping Lin , Wei An

Infrared Small Target Detection (IRSTD) aims to segment small targets from infrared clutter background. Existing methods mainly focus on discriminative approaches, i.e., a pixel-level front-background binary segmentation. Since infrared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Haoqing Li , Jinfu Yang , Yifei Xu , Runshi Wang

Infrared small target detection based on deep learning offers unique advantages in separating small targets from complex and dynamic backgrounds. However, the features of infrared small targets gradually weaken as the depth of convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Chun Bao , Jie Cao , Yaqian Ning , Tianhua Zhao , Zhijun Li , Zechen Wang , Li Zhang , Qun Hao

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) is challenging due to complex backgrounds, low signal-to-clutter ratios, and varying target sizes and shapes. Effective detection relies on capturing local contextual information at the appropriate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Guoyi Zhang , Guangsheng Xu , Han Wang , Siyang Chen , Yunxiao Shan , Xiaohu Zhang

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) is highly sensitive to sensor type, observation conditions, and the intrinsic properties of the target. These factors can introduce substantial variations in the distribution of acquired infrared image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yahao Lu , Yuehui Li , Xingyuan Guo , Shuai Yuan , Yukai Shi , Liang Lin

Recently, single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection technology has attracted widespread attention. Different from most existing deep learning-based methods that focus on improving network architectures, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jinmiao Zhao , Zelin Shi , Chuang Yu , Yunpeng Liu , Yimian Dai

Infrared small target detection in an infrared search and track (IRST) system is a challenging task. This situation becomes more complicated when high gray-intensity structural backgrounds appear in the field of view (FoV) of the infrared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Saed Moradi , Payman Moallem , Mohamad Farzan Sabahi

Infrared Small Target Detection (IRSTD) faces significant challenges due to low signal-to-noise ratios, complex backgrounds, and the absence of discernible target features. While deep learning-based encoder-decoder frameworks have advanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xuelin Qian , Jiaming Lu , Zixuan Wang , Wenxuan Wang , Zhongling Huang , Dingwen Zhang , Junwei Han