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Parametric CAD models encode entire families of shapes that should, in principle, be easy for designers to explore. However, in practice, parametric CAD models can be difficult to manipulate due to implicit semantic constraints among…

Direct manipulation has been established as the main interaction paradigm for Computer-Aided Design (CAD) for decades. It provides fast, incremental, and reversible actions that allow for an iterative process on a visual representation of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-06 J. Felipe Gonzalez , Thomas Pietrzak , Audrey Girouard , Géry Casiez

Parametric computer-aided design (CAD) is the dominant paradigm in mechanical engineering for physical design. Distinguished by relational geometry, parametric CAD models begin as two-dimensional sketches consisting of geometric primitives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Ari Seff , Yaniv Ovadia , Wenda Zhou , Ryan P. Adams

In this paper, we present CAD2Program, a new method for reconstructing 3D parametric models from 2D CAD drawings. Our proposed method is inspired by recent successes in vision-language models (VLMs), and departs from traditional methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Xilin Wang , Jia Zheng , Yuanchao Hu , Hao Zhu , Qian Yu , Zihan Zhou

Geometric programming problem is a powerful tool for solving some special type non-linear programming problems. It has a wide range of applications in optimization and engineering for solving some complex optimization problems. Many…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-03-25 A. K. Ojha , K. K. Biswal

Parametric computer-aided design (CAD) is a standard paradigm used to design manufactured objects, where a 3D shape is represented as a program supported by the CAD software. Despite the pervasiveness of parametric CAD and a growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Karl D. D. Willis , Yewen Pu , Jieliang Luo , Hang Chu , Tao Du , Joseph G. Lambourne , Armando Solar-Lezama , Wojciech Matusik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in a wide range of code generation tasks. However, generating code for certain domains remains challenging. One such domain is Computer-Aided Design (CAD) program, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yan-Ying Chen , Dule Shu , Matthew Hong , Andrew Taber , Jonathan Li , Matthew Klenk

Modern CAD tools represent 3D designs not only as geometry, but also as a program composed of geometric operations, each of which depends on a set of parameters. Program representations enable meaningful and controlled shape variations via…

Graphics · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Dan Cascaval , Mira Shalah , Phillip Quinn , Rastislav Bodik , Maneesh Agrawala , Adriana Schulz

Methodologies for reducing the design-space dimensionality in shape optimization have been recently developed based on unsupervised machine learning methods. These methods provide reduced dimensionality representations of the design space,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Andrea Serani , Matteo Diez

Parametric CAD sequences are reusable because dimensional and geometric constraints govern how parameter changes propagate. Existing CAD generation datasets and benchmarks emphasize reconstruction fidelity, execution validity, or static…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xintong Dong , Chuanyang Li , Peng Zheng , Chuqi Han , Jiaxin Jing , Hailong Shen , Yanzhi Song , Zhouwang Yang

The main objective of this work is to describe a general and original approach for computing an off-line solution for a set of parameters describing the geometry of the domain. That is, a solution able to include information for different…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-09-26 Ruben Sevilla , Sergio Zlotnik , Antonio Huerta

Geometric Deep Learning techniques have become a transformative force in the field of Computer-Aided Design (CAD), and have the potential to revolutionize how designers and engineers approach and enhance the design process. By harnessing…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Negar Heidari , Alexandros Iosifidis

Computer-aided design (CAD) is crucial in prototyping 3D objects through geometric instructions (i.e., CAD programs). In practical design workflows, designers often engage in time-consuming reviews and refinements of these prototypes by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jiali Chen , Xusen Hei , HongFei Liu , Yuancheng Wei , Zikun Deng , Jiayuan Xie , Yi Cai , Li Qing

Parametric computer-aided design (CAD) tools are the predominant way that engineers specify physical structures, from bicycle pedals to airplanes to printed circuit boards. The key characteristic of parametric CAD is that design intent is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Ari Seff , Wenda Zhou , Nick Richardson , Ryan P. Adams

3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) users need to overcome several obstacles to benefit from the flexibility of programmatic interface tools. Besides the barriers of any programming language, users face challenges inherent to 3D spatial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-06 J. Felipe Gonzalez , Danny Kieken , Thomas Pietrzak , Audrey Girouard , Géry Casiez

The task of crafting procedural programs capable of generating structurally valid 3D shapes easily and intuitively remains an elusive goal in computer vision and graphics. Within the graphics community, generating procedural 3D models has…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Ofek Pearl , Itai Lang , Yuhua Hu , Raymond A. Yeh , Rana Hanocka

In many CAD-based applications, complex geometries are defined by a high number of design parameters. This leads to high-dimensional design spaces that are challenging for downstream engineering processes like simulations, optimization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Alexander Köhler , Michael Breuß

Feature-based parametric modeling is the de facto standard in CAD. Boundary representation-based direct modeling is another CAD paradigm developed recently. They have complementary advantages and limitations, thereby offering huge potential…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Qiang Zou , Hsi-Yung Feng , Shuming Gao

In the history of computer-aided design (CAD), feature-based parametric modeling and boundary representation-based direct modeling are two of the most important CAD paradigms, developed respectively in the late 1980s and the late 2000s.…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Qiang Zou

Creating CAD digital twins from the physical world is crucial for manufacturing, design, and simulation. However, current methods typically rely on costly 3D scanning with labor-intensive post-processing. To provide a user-friendly design…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Cheng Chen , Jiacheng Wei , Tianrun Chen , Chi Zhang , Xiaofeng Yang , Shangzhan Zhang , Bingchen Yang , Chuan-Sheng Foo , Guosheng Lin , Qixing Huang , Fayao Liu
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