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A major challenge in fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is to reduce both space overhead -- the large number of physical qubits per logical qubit -- and time overhead -- the long physical gate sequences per logical gate. We prove…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-06 Shiro Tamiya , Masato Koashi , Hayata Yamasaki

The realization of scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing is expected to hinge on quantum error-correcting codes. In the quest for more efficient quantum fault tolerance, a critical code parameter is the weight of measurements that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Austin Yubo He , Zi-Wen Liu

Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes based on protographs are of great interest to code designers because analysis and implementation are facilitated by the protograph structure and the use of circulant permutation matrices…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-22 David G. M. Mitchell , Roxana Smarandache , Daniel J. Costello

As in classical coding theory, quantum analogues of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have offered good error correction performance and low decoding complexity by employing the Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) construction. However,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-21 Yuichiro Fujiwara , Vladimir D. Tonchev

We present a classical algorithm that, for any $D$-dimensional geometrically-local, quantum circuit $C$ of polylogarithmic-depth, and any bit string $x \in {0,1}^n$, can compute the quantity $|<x|C|0^{\otimes n}>|^2$ to within any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-18 Suchetan Dontha , Shi Jie Samuel Tan , Stephen Smith , Sangheon Choi , Matthew Coudron

In this paper, we introduce strongly regular generalized partial geometries of grade $r$, which generalise partial geometries and strongly regular $(\alpha,\beta)$-geometries. By the properties of quadrics in PG$(2,q)$ and PG$(3,q)$, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-19 Lijun Ma , Changli Ma , Zihong Tian

Recently, it was discovered by several authors that a $q$-ary optimal locally recoverable code, i.e., a locally recoverable code archiving the Singleton-type bound, can have length much bigger than $q+1$. This is quite different from the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Chaoping Xing , Chen Yuan

In pursuit of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation, quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been established as promising candidates for low-overhead memory when compared to conventional approaches based on surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Zhiyang He , Alexander Cowtan , Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

In this paper, we prove a lower bound on the soundness of quantum locally testable codes under the distance balancing construction of Evra et al. arXiv:2004.07935 [quant-ph]. Our technical contribution is that the new soundness of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Adam Wills , Ting-Chun Lin , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

We present families of quantum error-correcting codes which are optimal in the sense that the minimum distance is maximal. These maximum distance separable (MDS) codes are defined over q-dimensional quantum systems, where q is an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Markus Grassl , Thomas Beth , Martin Roetteler

Generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes are a class of LDPC codes in which the standard single parity check (SPC) constraints are replaced by constraints defined by a linear block code. These stronger constraints typically result…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-19 David G. M. Mitchell , Pablo M. Olmos , Michael Lentmaier , Daniel J. Costello

Utility-scale quantum computing requires quantum error correction (QEC) to protect quantum information against noise. Currently, superconducting hardware is a promising candidate for achieving fault tolerance due to its fast gate times and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-06 György P. Gehér , David Byfield , Archibald Ruban

We introduce Decision Tree Decoders (DTDs), which rely only on the sparsity of the binary check matrix, making them broadly applicable for decoding any quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) code and fault-tolerant quantum circuits. DTDs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Kai R. Ott , Bence Hetényi , Michael E. Beverland

Although quantum key distribution (QKD) comes from the development of quantum theory, the implementation of a practical QKD system does involve a lot of classical process, such as key reconciliation and privacy amplification, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-26 Mo Li , Chun-Mei Zhang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Wei Chen , Chuan Wang , Zheng-Fu Han

For a high-rate case, it is difficult to randomly construct good low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes of short and moderate lengths because their Tanner graphs are prone to making short cycles. Also, the existing high-rate quasi-cyclic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Hosung Park , Seokbeom Hong , Jong-Seon No , Dong-Joon Shin

We give a construction of quantum LDPC codes of dimension $\Theta(\log N)$ and distance $\Theta(N/\log N)$ as the code length $N\to\infty$. Using a product of chain complexes this construction also provides a family of quantum LDPC codes of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Pavel Panteleev , Gleb Kalachev

We present a tree-based construction of LDPC codes that have minimum pseudocodeword weight equal to or almost equal to the minimum distance, and perform well with iterative decoding. The construction involves enumerating a $d$-regular tree…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Christine Kelley , Deepak Sridhara , Joachim Rosenthal

In this paper, based on the nonbinary graph state, we present a systematic way of constructing good non-binary quantum codes, both additive and nonadditive, for systems with integer dimensions. With the help of computer search, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Dan Hu , Weidong Tang , Meisheng Zhao , Qing Chen , Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh

Product codes are a class of quantum error correcting codes built from two or more constituent codes. They have recently gained prominence for a breakthrough yielding quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes with favorable scaling of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Shuyu Zhang , Tzu-Chieh Wei , Nathanan Tantivasadakarn

Quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) codes can significantly reduce the overhead of quantum computing, provided the methods for performing logical operations do not require substantial space and time resources. A popular method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Paul Webster , Samuel C. Smith , Lawrence Z. Cohen