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The evolution of the solar wind electron distribution function with heliocentric distance exhibits different features that are still unexplained, in particular, the increase of the Strahl pitch angle width. Wave-particle interactions…
The early acceleration of protons and electrons in the nonrelativistic collisionless shocks with three obliquities are investigated through 1D particle-in-cell simulations. In the simulations, the charged particles possessing a velocity of…
The excitation and propagation of electrostatic solitary waves(ESWs) are observed in two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of ion beam neutralization by electron injection by a filament. Electrons from the filament are attracted by…
Shock drift acceleration plays an important role in generating high-energy electrons at quasi-perpendicular shocks, but its efficiency in low beta plasmas is questionable. In this article, we perform a two-dimensional particle-in-cell…
This work studies the fundamental plasma processes involved in the neutralization of an ion beam's space-charge by electrons emitted by a filament using Particle-in-Cell simulations. While filament neutralization is economical, previous…
A two-dimensional (2D) shock-rest-frame model for particle simulations is developed. Then full kinetic dynamics of a perpendicular collisionless shock is examined by means of a 2D full particle simulation. We found that in the 2D simulation…
Plasma processes close to SNR shocks result in the amplification of magnetic fields and in the acceleration of electrons, injecting them into the diffusive acceleration mechanism. The acceleration of electrons and the B field amplification…
Theoretical and numerical studies are presented of the amplitude modulation of electron-acoustic waves (EAWs) propagating in space plasmas whose constituents are inertial cold electrons, Boltzmann distributed hot electrons and stationary…
The propagation and absorption of electromagnetic waves in plasma is one of the fundamental issues in plasma physics. The electromagnetic particle-in-cell method with the finite-difference time-domain solver plus Monte Carlo collision model…
Mildly relativistic shocks in magnetized electron-ion plasmas are investigated with 2D kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of unprecedentedly high resolution and large scale for conditions that may be found at internal shocks in blazar…
Shock accelerated electrons are found in many astrophysical environments, and the mechanisms by which they are accelerated to high energies are still not completely clear. For relatively high Mach numbers, the shock is supercritical, and…
Plasma shock waves widely exist and play an important role in high-energy-density environment, especially in the inertial confinement fusion. Due to the large gradient of macroscopic physical quantities and the coupled thermal, electrical,…
Electron acceleration to non-thermal, ultra-relativistic energies (~ 10-100 TeV) is revealed by radio and X-ray observations of shocks in young supernova remnants (SNRs). The diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism is usually invoked…
The scattering of electrons by heat-flux-driven whistler waves is explored with a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation relevant to the transport of energetic electrons in flares. The simulation is initiated with a large heat flux that is…
This study investigates the applicability of the semi-implicit particle-in-cell code FLEKS to heliospheric shock simulations. We examine one- and two-dimensional local planar shock simulations, initialized using MHD states with upstream…
By employing a local two-fluid theory, we investigate an obliquely propagating electromagnetic instability in the lower hybrid frequency range driven by cross-field current or relative drifts between electrons and ions. The theory…
Thermal electrons cannot directly participate in the process of diffusive acceleration at electron-ion shocks because their Larmor radii are smaller than the shock transition width: this is the well-known electron injection problem of…
Reduced fluid models for collisionless plasmas including electron inertia and finite Larmor radius corrections are derived for scales ranging from the ion to the electron gyroradii. Based either on pressure balance or on the…
A one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation tracks a fast magnetosonic shock over time scales comparable to an inverse ion gyrofrequency. The magnetic pressure is comparable to the thermal pressure upstream. The shock propagates…
Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in astrophysics and in the lab. Recent numerical simulations and experiments have shown how they can arise from the encounter of two collisionless plasma shells. When the shells interpenetrate, the…