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How can we train graph-based models to recognize unseen classes while keeping labeling costs low? Graph open-set learning (GOL) and out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aim to address this challenge by training models that can accurately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Haoyan Xu , Kay Liu , Zhengtao Yao , Philip S. Yu , Mengyuan Li , Kaize Ding , Yue Zhao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are prominent for their effectiveness in processing graph data for semi-supervised node classification tasks. Most works of GNNs assume that the observed structure accurately represents the underlying node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Shuangjie Li , Jiangqing Song , Baoming Zhang , Gaoli Ruan , Junyuan Xie , Chongjun Wang

Graph serves as a powerful tool for modeling data that has an underlying structure in non-Euclidean space, by encoding relations as edges and entities as nodes. Despite developments in learning from graph-structured data over the years, one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Tianxiang Zhao , Dongsheng Luo , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models in real-world applications. Existing methods typically focus on feature representations or output-space analysis, often assuming a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Mostafa ElAraby , Sabyasachi Sahoo , Yann Pequignot , Paul Novello , Liam Paull

Implicit Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success in addressing graph learning problems recently. However, poorly designed implicit GNN layers may have limited adaptability to learn graph metrics, experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Guoji Fu , Mohammed Haroon Dupty , Yanfei Dong , Lee Wee Sun

A key feature of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is to exploit a trained neural network by extracting statistical patterns and relationships through the multi-layer classifier to detect shifts in the expected input data distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Eduardo Dadalto , Pierre Colombo , Guillaume Staerman , Nathan Noiry , Pablo Piantanida

Graph Out-of-Distribution (OOD) classification often suffers from sharp performance drops, particularly under category imbalance and structural noise. This work tackles two pressing challenges in this context: (1) the underperformance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yang Zhou , Xiaoning Ren

Due to the over-smoothing issue, most existing graph neural networks can only capture limited dependencies with their inherently finite aggregation layers. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new kind of graph convolution, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Qi Chen , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang , Jiansheng Yang , Zhouchen Lin

Graph learning has emerged as a promising technique for multi-view clustering with its ability to learn a unified and robust graph from multiple views. However, existing graph learning methods mostly focus on the multi-view consistency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Youwei Liang , Dong Huang , Chang-Dong Wang , Philip S. Yu

This paper studies the problem of distribution shifts on non-homophilous graphs Mosting existing graph neural network methods rely on the homophilous assumption that nodes from the same class are more likely to be linked. However, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jinluan Yang , Ruihao Zhang , Zhengyu Chen , Teng Xiao , Yueyang Wang , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

Federated graph learning (FGL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train powerful graph neural networks without sharing their private, decentralized graph data. Inherited from generic federated learning, FGL is critically challenged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Xinrui Li , Qilin Fan , Tianfu Wang , Kaiwen Wei , Ke Yu , Xu Zhang

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential in real-world applications, which has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, most existing OOD detection methods require many labeled In-Distribution (ID) data, causing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yi-Xuan Sun , Wei Wang

Coordination graphs are a central abstraction in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), yet existing sparse-graph learners lack a theoretically grounded mechanism to decide which edges should exist and how much information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wei Duan , Junyu Xuan , En Yu , Xiaoyu Yang , Jie Lu

Decentralized learning enables serverless training of deep neural networks (DNNs) in a distributed manner on multiple nodes. This allows for the use of large datasets, as well as the ability to train with a wide variety of data sources.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Deepak Ravikumar , Gobinda Saha , Sai Aparna Aketi , Kaushik Roy

Deep Neural Networks achieve high performance in vision tasks by learning features from regions of interest (ROI) within images, but their performance degrades when deployed on out-of-distribution (OOD) data that differs from training data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Harry Anthony , Ziyun Liang , Hermione Warr , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

Graph contrastive learning (GCL), standing as the dominant paradigm in the realm of graph pre-training, has yielded considerable progress. Nonetheless, its capacity for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization has been relatively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zixu Wang , Bingbing Xu , Yige Yuan , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical issue for the stable and reliable operation of systems using a deep neural network (DNN). Although many OOD detection methods have been proposed, it remains unclear how the differences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Kazuki Uematsu , Kosuke Haruki , Taiji Suzuki , Mitsuhiro Kimura , Takahiro Takimoto , Hideyuki Nakagawa

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is a principal task for ensuring the safety of deploying deep-neural-network classifiers in open-set scenarios. OOD samples can be drawn from arbitrary distributions and exhibit deviations from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Choubo Ding , Guansong Pang

Logical rule learning, a prominent category of knowledge graph (KG) reasoning methods, constitutes a critical research area aimed at learning explicit rules from observed facts to infer missing knowledge. However, like all KG reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Shixuan Liu , Yue He , Yunfei Wang , Hao Zou , Haoxiang Cheng , Wenjing Yang , Peng Cui , Zhong Liu

This paper looks at the task of network topology inference, where the goal is to learn an unknown graph from nodal observations. One of the novelties of the approach put forth is the consideration of prior information about the density of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Samuel Rey , T. Mitchell Roddenberry , Santiago Segarra , Antonio G. Marques