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Generative AI is spreading rapidly, creating significant social and economic value while also raising concerns about its high energy use and environmental sustainability. While prior studies have predominantly focused on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Min-Kyu Kim , Tae-An Yoo , Ji-Bum Chung

Deep learning (DL) can achieve impressive results across a wide variety of tasks, but this often comes at the cost of training models for extensive periods on specialized hardware accelerators. This energy-intensive workload has seen…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Lasse F. Wolff Anthony , Benjamin Kanding , Raghavendra Selvan

Accurate day-ahead individual residential load forecasting is of great importance to various applications of smart grid on day-ahead market. Deep learning, as a powerful machine learning technology, has shown great advantages and promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-23 Yunyou Huang , Nana Wang , Wanling Gao , Xiaoxu Guo , Cheng Huang , Tianshu Hao , Jianfeng Zhan

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created unprecedented demands for computational power, yet methods for evaluating the performance, efficiency, and environmental impact of deployed models remain fragmented. Current…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hongyuan Liu , Xinyang Liu , Guosheng Hu

Deep learning models in computer vision have achieved significant success but pose increasing concerns about energy consumption and sustainability. Despite these concerns, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of their energy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Zeyu Yang , Karel Adamek , Wesley Armour

With the widespread deployment of deep learning models, they influence their environment in various ways. The induced distribution shifts can lead to unexpected performance degradation in deployed models. Existing methods to anticipate…

The environmental impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a significant global concern, particularly regarding model training. In this paper, we introduce GREEN (Guided Recommendations of Energy-Efficient Networks), a novel,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Filippo Betello , Antonio Purificato , Vittoria Vineis , Gabriele Tolomei , Fabrizio Silvestri

In data-rich domains such as vision, language, and speech, deep learning prevails to deliver high-performance task-specific models and can even learn general task-agnostic representations for efficient finetuning to downstream tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Pin-Yu Chen

Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global environmental changes, accurately predicting and meeting renewable energy demands has become a key challenge for sustainable business development. Traditional energy demand forecasting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Te Li , Mengze Zhang , Yan Zhou

Forest biomass is a key influence for future climate, and the world urgently needs highly scalable financing schemes, such as carbon offsetting certifications, to protect and restore forests. Current manual forest carbon stock inventory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Gyri Reiersen , David Dao , Björn Lütjens , Konstantin Klemmer , Kenza Amara , Attila Steinegger , Ce Zhang , Xiaoxiang Zhu

Deep energy-based models are powerful, but pose challenges for learning and inference (Belanger and McCallum, 2016). Tu and Gimpel (2018) developed an efficient framework for energy-based models by training "inference networks" to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Lifu Tu , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Kevin Gimpel

The substantial increase in AI model training has considerable environmental implications, mandating more energy-efficient and sustainable AI practices. On the one hand, data-centric approaches show great potential towards training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Mohammed Alswaitti , Roberto Verdecchia , Grégoire Danoy , Pascal Bouvry , Johnatan Pecero

Deep Learning has enabled many advances in machine learning applications in the last few years. However, since current Deep Learning algorithms require much energy for computations, there are growing concerns about the associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Vanessa Mehlin , Sigurd Schacht , Carsten Lanquillon

In an era of increasing computational capabilities and growing environmental consciousness, organizations face a critical challenge in balancing the accuracy of forecasting models with computational efficiency and sustainability. Global…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-15 Marco Zanotti

Development of modern deep learning methods has been driven primarily by the push for improving model efficacy (accuracy metrics). This sole focus on efficacy has steered development of large-scale models that require massive computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sophia N. Wilson , Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen , Raghavendra Selvan

Despite the popularity of the `pre-train then fine-tune' paradigm in the NLP community, existing work quantifying energy costs and associated carbon emissions has largely focused on language model pre-training. Although a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Xiaorong Wang , Clara Na , Emma Strubell , Sorelle Friedler , Sasha Luccioni

DNN inference, known for its significant energy consumption and the resulting high carbon footprint, can be made more sustainable by adapting model size and accuracy to the varying carbon intensity throughout the day. Our heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Jiwan Jung

Classical and centralized Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods require moving data from producers (sensors, machines) to energy hungry data centers, raising environmental concerns due to computational and communication resource demands,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Stefano Savazzi , Vittorio Rampa , Sanaz Kianoush , Mehdi Bennis

Modeling environmental ecosystems is essential for effective resource management, sustainable development, and understanding complex ecological processes. However, traditional methods frequently struggle with the inherent complexity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Runlong Yu , Shengyu Chen , Yiqun Xie , Xiaowei Jia

Deep learning models have been used to support analytics beyond simple aggregation, where deeper and wider models have been shown to yield great results. These models consume a huge amount of memory and computational operations. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Shaofeng Cai , Gang Chen , Beng Chin Ooi , Jinyang Gao